Distribution system of goods and services, along with other economic developments around the world, is rapidly evolving. While in the past, small and large manufacturers, importers and distributors were the main players in the distribution of goods and services (and ultimately small and medium-sized stores have been responsible for direct supply of goods and services to customers), now new players have superseded them. The level of activity has also been expanded beyond the national level, and s... Read More

Abstract The purpose of this report is to prioritize investments in manufacturing industries thereby paving the way for non-oil export promotion. To identify the selected industrial activities, we made use of several variables including export revenues index (as a substitute variable for industrial activities level of dependence on export markets), industries share of production and export (terms of trade for manufacturing products), share of imported inputs in output value, share of imported i... Read More

The Islamic Republic of Iran (hereafter referred to as Iran) is considered to be an Energy Superpower, accounting for 10 and 15 percent of the world’s proven oil and gas reserves. Regarding mineral reserves, it holds 1st largest zinc reserves and 2nd largest copper reserves while possessing 10th largest Aluminum and 11th largest iron ore and lead reserves. The economy enjoys not only a good position in factor market, but also faces an advantageous demand condition including a market of 78.9 mill... Read More

Over the past several years, the Iranian economy has experienced several significant adverse shocks. Our research shows that one important lesson has been the need for Iran to strengthen its fiscal framework, so that fiscal policy supports economic stability rather than exacerbating the impact of the shock. Many resource-rich countries have fiscal frameworks with features that could serve Iran well. A common feature is a medium-term framework anchored on the non-oil fiscal deficit. Once a medium-term fiscal framework is in place, Iran could also consider adopting a fiscal rule. ... Read More

The latest MENA Economic Monitor Report - Spring 2016, expects Iran’s growth to rise to 4.2 % and 4.6 % in 2016 and 2017, as a result of the lifting of the sanctions and a more business-oriented environment. ... Read More

This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. ... Read More

This paper uses a global general equilibrium simulation model to quantify the effects of lifting economic sanctions on Iran with and without strategic responses. ... Read More