To develop trade relations with other countries, Iran concludes trade facilitation agreements in the form of tariff and non-tariff barriers reductio, including Malaysia. In order to expand its exports to Iran, this country has presented a list of its commercial goods in order to demand a reduction in Iran's import tariff from Iran and to be able to expand its exports with our country by receiving concessions. Malaysia's application list includes 319 eight-digit tariff codes (219 six-digit tariff... Read More

In order to develop trade relations with Turkey, Iran has concluded a trade facilitation agreement in the form of reduction of tariff barriers. In this regard, Turkey to expand its exports to Iran, has presented a list of goods to demand a tariff reduction from Iran and to be able to expand its exports with Iran. The requested list by Turkey includes 122 six-digit tariff codes, of which only one is in the agricultural sector. Iran's tariff rate on these goods is between 5% to 32% and the aver... Read More

Iran has a competitive advantage in the production of chemical and pharmaceutical products due to its oil and natural gas resources, as well as the support of scientific centers and the educated people. These industries play a significant role in Iran's manufacturing production and trade. From a trade point of view, the products of these industries, due to the country's advantage, have a large share in Iran's non-oil exports, and on average, about 30% of the country's total exports in recent yea... Read More

South Korea began its development process in the 1960s and with integrated planning has been able to establish itself as one of the most successful Asian examples in forming value chains and vertical specialization (VSI) and connecting to global value chains. According to the International Trade Center, in 2019, the total value of trade in goods and services in South Korea amounted to 1275 billion dollars, of which 1045 billion was related to trade in goods and the rest (228 billion dollars) ... Read More

The National Trade Single Window was officially launched by the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade in 2016, in accordance with Article (5) of the Law on Combating Commodity and Currency Smuggling, in order to monitor domestic and foreign trade processes. Since then, commendable efforts and actions have been taken by the executive bodies, headed by the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade, to complete and establish this system. Given the status and importance of this system, its implementation ... Read More

The outbreak of Covid9 during the recent months, and the resulting issues such as lockdown restrictions and implementation of health protocols, income levels fall, and changes in consumer demand has deeply affected the global retail sector. There have been significant changes in the behavioral patterns of the consumers, because of economic and health considerations. On one hand, demand has risen for purchasing essentials such as food and medications, and has fallen for non-essentials. On the oth... Read More

This report will try to explore changes in important macroeconomic variables such as economic growth, unemployment and inflation during development programs. In addition to these indicators, the trend of productivity (labor, capital and total), income distribution in society (Gini coefficient), foreign trade including exports, imports and trade balance, per capita income and other issues will be addressed. Findings show that the goals of the program in terms of economic growth have not been a... Read More

An examination of the cost items of low-income people in the society shows that the increase in the price of food products, which has a higher share than high-income people, has put a lot of pressure on the vulnerable groups. So that in the period from March 2018 to September 2020, pasta, first-class foreign rice and legumes have increased in price by more than 100%. Teas, sugars, Iranian rice, eggs, sugars and dairy products have also risen in price by 60 to 91 percent. On the other hand, due t... Read More

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by 26.1% over the last four season ended summer 1399 compared to the same period last year. The analysis of specific groups of commodity and consumer price index also reflected that the trend of the goods and services increased from 28.4 and 23.2 percent in summer 1399 compared to the same period last year. Food and beverages and housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels increased by 21.5 and 23.5 percent, respectively. They have the highest share ... Read More

Design is very important in the automotive world, and as a highly specialized profession, it includes everything from conceptualization through to building prototype. One of the keys to the success of the world's leading automotive companies is the use of unique designs and collaboration with renowned designers. Car design is a teamwork and the result of collaboration with designers, engineers and even various companies. Therefore, teamwork and the collecting ideas from individual designers is v... Read More

With the globalization of trade in recent years and the shorter lifespan of products, companies are more widely involved in providing the resources they need, as well as in selling and distributing products. One of the most important steps in achieving this goal is to outsource operations and focus on mission activities in which the company has a competitive advantage. One of the priorities of outsourcing is logistics and transportation operations. Third party logistics companies are companies h... Read More

Logistics centers are the key elements of modern logistics systems of countries, which have gained interest in the recent decades. Success and efficiency of logistics centers is dependent on their appropriate location, presence of the required infrastructures, and support from governments. This report discusses the role of logistics centers in facilitating and accelerating the surge in production. In this regard, first the subject of location in logistics centers and the importance of government... Read More

One of the basic and efficient tools to examine the performance of companies is financial statements. Using financial statements, it is possible to extract an accurate result from the expenses and revenues of a company and explain the shortcomings and weaknesses related to each cost heading. In this report, the financial statements of the two main automobile companies of the country are examined and based on the prevailing market conditions, there are two periods of 2016-2017 (there is relative ... Read More

The COVID-19 pandemic is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019. The first confirmed case was announced in January 2020 in China. Today, it has spread to more than 200 countries. Iran has not been immune to its various, especially economic, consequences. According to the report's authors, the disease is one of the causes of exogenous cycles. And like other exogenous cycles created in nature, such as weather and climate conditions, they cause economic cycles. This report stud... Read More

Public stockpiling of staple foods has been used for centuries as a tool for ensuring food security. But disruptions in supply of commodities during 2007-8 and 2011, forced governments to adopt specific stockpiling policies in dealing with such uncertainties. Stockpiling of agricultural products for strategic purposes such as dealing with food shortages during emergencies, controlling food markets and stabilizing the prices, is prevalent in Asian country and other developing economies. For this ... Read More

Economic and trade relations between Iran and India entered a new phase with the signing of a $ 500 million memorandum in 2015 for the development of Chabahar port; Railway investment, Iran-India-Afghanistan trilateral agreement to build international transportation corridor in Chabahar help expand ties despite US sanctions against Iran. It seems that the conclusion of a bilateral preferential trade agreement can be facilitated, given the efforts made to pave the way for the development of bilat... Read More

The outbreak of the Covid-19 has created restrictions on the export market of Iranian pharmaceuticals and medical equipment. These restrictions have caused the loss of some markets, on the other hand the production of some pharmaceutical and medical products related to the Covid-19 is in the production program of related companies and due to increasing demand and production scale, a good opportunity Provided to increase quality. In this situation, due to the country's currency restrictions, effo... Read More

The present report is prepared in three chapters. The first chapter, entitled "Product Introduction", begins with an examination of the aluminum industry, including product introduction, production process, production and consumption coefficients, and product chain. Then the performance of the aluminum industry chain including production, supply, demand, import, export, trading partners are examined and then the energy consumption of the aluminum industry in Iran and its comparison at the region... Read More

Developing countries use such export taxes and restrictions in pursuit of development policy objectives. Export taxes and restrictions take various forms such as, quotas, export prohibitions, minimum export prices, reducing/eliminating VAT rebates. Export taxes use for increase revenue, food security, keep domestic prices low, securing domestic supply, environmental reasons, further production processing/ more value added and illegal trade. China, Argentina, India, and Pakistan are the countries... Read More

Iran has a competitive advantage in the production of chemical and pharmaceutical products due to its oil and natural gas resources, as well as the support of scientific centers and the educated people. These industries play a significant role in Iran's manufacturing production and trade. From a trade point of view, the products of these industries, due to the country's advantage, have a large share in Iran's non-oil exports, and on average, about 30% of the country's total exports in recent yea... Read More

A survey of the share of industrial sector in Iran GDP (at constant and current prices) with emphasis on the period 2001-2011, indicates two different trends. The industrial sector's share in GDP at constant prices increased steadily over the period 1989-2014; while its share in GDP at current prices increased in the period 1990-2001 and then experienced a downward trend during the period 2002-2014. The purpose of this report is to investigate and analyze the share of the industrial sector in Ir... Read More

Statistics show a decline in the production of industrial goods in 2005. A survey on the production of selected industrial goods during the period 2003-2005 shows that during this period, production has been steadily decreasing in industries producing such products as tractors, cartons, pesticides, DMT, aluminum ingots, and coal and cement concentrates.... Read More

Since the end of the Iraqi imposed war, the Iranian economy has experienced several foreign exchange rate shocks with impacts on different sectors of the economy. In every foreign exchange shock, policy and decision makers face two fundamental questions: First, what are the effects of foreign exchange rate changes on major variables of the industrial sector? And second, which industrial fields of activity gain and which lose from such changes? The findings of the research show that a proper f... Read More

The steel industry is one of the most important and fundamental industries in the world. Due to a large number of forwarding and backward linkages of the industry with other sectors of the economy, it is considered as a leading and key industry, in such a way that the amount of per capita steel production and consumption is considered as one of the indicators of the development and advancement of countries. The presence of the steel industry in a region has an important impact on the development... Read More

This study addresses the role and importance of providing financial resources to industries through banks in general and development banks in particular. The results of the study indicate that although much emphasis has been placed in recent years on the use of financing methods relying on non-bank sources, the share of banking sources in total credits granted in 10 of the most advanced economies in the world is now more than 50%. The results of the study also indicate that development banks pla... Read More

This report, building upon several indices including the share of export earnings in sales value (as a substitute variable for the degree of reliance of industrial activities on export markets), comparison of the importance of each industrial activity in terms of its share in industrial production, as well as in industrial exports (terms of trade of the value of industrial products in terms of domestic and export prices), the share of imported raw materials in the output value of the field of in... Read More

This report first provides an overview of the global economy and the position of Iran from the perspective of macroeconomic variables in 2014-2015. Then, in order to identify the factors affecting Iran's economic performance; a number of macro variables of Iran are compared with those of other countries in the world and the region. Also, some international indicators, in particular factors affecting the performance of industrial enterprises have been studied. According to the results of the stud... Read More

This report aims to provide solutions for the enhancement of the competitiveness of tourism industry in pursuit of economic goals after the sanctions were lifted. Using the concept of resilient economy, resistance can be defined as reducing vulnerability and increasing the flexibility of the national economy against external threats. With such a definition, it can be concluded that the promotion of tourism is a way for achieving the objectives of resistance economy through enhancing both outward... Read More

This report identifies the institutions overlooking iron ore mining and studies the structure of iron ore market in Iran. To this end, public and private institutions in charge of the industry since the beginning of the formation of iron ore mines in the country were investigated, and then the structure of supply-side iron ore market, as well as that of large iron ore extraction complexes of the country were investigated, using both documentary and field study methodologies (e.g. interview with ... Read More

Brazil has the largest healthcare market in South America, with the highest per-capita spending on health in the region. The per-capita spending on health has been increasing in the country, despite the growing population. The Brazilian pharmaceutical market is the sixth largest in the world and is ranked only second after China among emerging economies, in terms of sales value. The pharmaceuticals market in Brazil grew by 16.8% in 2013 to $ 25.9 billion. The sales volume of the market is expect... Read More

Technology development is among the key pillars of a dynamic economy which can influence global trends, and the relevance of which in determining the degree of development of countries has led to a specific emphasis on the development of advanced industries in the General Policies of the Resistance Economy and the strategic programme of the Ministry of Industry, Mining and Trade. The medical equipment and biopharmaceutical industries are among the advanced industries that, while enjoying vital s... Read More

The auto parts manufacturing industry in Iran is one of the strategic industries in the car manufacturing value chain, which has relatively high job creation and value added. Since proper development of all links in the value chains in various economic sectors plays a significant role in the fulfillment of the objectives of the most fundamental economic policies of the country, such as increasing productivity, employment, empowerment of the workforce and enhancing competitiveness, this paper att... Read More

In 2015, Iran faced wide-ranging political and economic developments affecting macroeconomic indices and the industrial sector. Due to structural constraints prevailing in the country's economy, the developments and the relevant policies adopted by the government in 2015, the country's economic growth was reduced, and Iran's economy was only able to grow 1.3%. Meanwhile, the growth of the industry and mining sector was zero percent. In order to evaluate the country's economic performance, as wel... Read More

The relatively constant share of the basic metals industry in creating value added in 2004 and 2013 (ranking fourth), and its 8.45% employment rate in the industrial sector (in 2013) indicates that basic metals industry continues to have a strategic position in the industrial sector and due to the effective role investing in the basic metals industry had on the growth of industrial investment during the period 2012-2015, supporting this industry can have a significant impact on industrial growth... Read More

The history of formulating a specific industrial policy document in Turkey dates back to more than a decade ago in 2003. At that time, Turkey sought to formulate a set of integrated industrial policies aimed at joining the European Union (EU). The document entitled "Industrial Policy for Turkey (towards EU membership)" was put into effect from 2003 to 2011, that is, until the implementation of its second edition. The study of the Turkish economy at that time (2003) reflects the fact that the cou... Read More

Sanctions against Iran have a long history, starting with the victory of the Islamic Revolution. The range of sanctions related to Iran's nuclear program, however, has not always been the same. The main difference between the two groups of sanctions (before and after 2010) can be seen in the number of sanctioning countries, as well as the scope of the economic sectors affected. More precisely, the sanctions prior to 2010 focused mainly on a number of specific sectors of the economy (such as inve... Read More

Given the great reliance of the Sixth Development Plan Bill on foreign financial resources (more than 22%), there is clearly a serious need for devising certain mechanisms for the attraction of foreign investment, if the 8% growth objective of the Plan is to be fulfilled. In order to propose relevant articles to be included in the Sixth Development Plan Bill, this study reviewed the theoretical literature related to factors affecting foreign investment and its incentives and examined the experie... Read More

This report sought to explore the fields of interaction between selected countries (Indonesia, Cuba, Myanmar, Kazakhstan, India, Georgia and Tanzania) with UNIDO. To this end, we studied the content of their national programmes and projects, in order to identify the major fields of cooperation between these countries and UNIDO. According to the results of the survey, the following fields were the most relevant: Reducing poverty and gender inequality (underlining empowerment of women); En... Read More

In the post-Islamic Revolution years, controlling inflation and, at some points, maintaining balance in government budgets have been the most important economic objectives determining foreign exchange rate in Iran; an approach which, by reducing the real foreign exchange rates (which was tantamount to reducing the domestic competitiveness), has had negative implications for the domestic production and trade balance of the country, and which has in deed not promoted the country's production and e... Read More

Abolfazl Masoomzadeh Zavare   Abstract Integrated marketing communication (IMC) is a model for better understanding the target audience and introducing the firm, its products and services, as well as its brand. The major goals and programs of IMC include informing, encouraging and influencing the target audience in the market. This research project, after reviewing the theoretical framework in the first phase, examined the experiences of Iranian and foreign banks in implementing IMC ... Read More

Note 2.s.1 to the Budget Act for the Iranian year 1393 (20 March 2014-21 March 2015) allows the Government to invest up to 100 billion Dollars in oil and gas projects (up to 75%), and in the optimization and reduction of energy consumption, as well as reduction of greenhouse gas emission (up to 25%). Among energy consumption optimization projects in transportation sector is the "modernization of the road freight transport fleet by replacing 65,000 worn-out trucks with new, up-to-date-technology ... Read More

Due to its strong forward and backward linkages and job creating nature, as well as positive functions effective on economic growth, the tourism industry can play an effective role in the economy, and the Iranian economic policy makers and planners are accordingly focusing on recreational, industrial, mineral, cultural, medical, and religious tourism. Since tourism industry can become the most important source of foreign exchange earnings for countries with tourism attractions such as Iran, i... Read More

Among the key issues to be tackled in the "Bill on the Permanent VAT Act", is the management of the importation of certain goods, such as cars. In this regard, the governments in Iran have taken various measures to control the imports of luxury cars, including imposing bans and restrictions, levying duties and taxes, and deprioritizing or even prohibiting the allocation of foreign exchange to the importation of luxury cars. At times, however, these tools have been only partially effective or eve... Read More

Among the strategic objectives pursued by the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Mine is promoting management knowledge in order to support the industrial development process of the country. Identification, documentation and promotion of business models in various industries, and promotion of management knowledge through the development of the industrial culture are among the administrative policies related to this strategy. Focusing  on the characteristics of enterprises in the field of industry, ... Read More

The present status of the goods distribution channels in Iran can be characterized by such features as a high share of traditional actors compared to modern players in the market (quantitative feature); low technical and managerial standards (qualitative feature); and a large number of unregistered retail sellers in the market. The major roots of this problem can be found among others, in the lack of a general rule of law and the weakness of public institutions monitoring the distribution system... Read More

Abstract Commercialization of intellectual property plays an important role in improving the business environment and is the focus of much attention today because of its contribution to economic development. The main prerequisite for the commercialization of intellectual property is laws protecting intellectual property, a requirement that is met by the Iranian legal system. In this study, we examined the overall role of intellectual property in the economic development. Then, while reviewing... Read More

Zorar Permeh   Abstract: The purpose of this research was to find the most useful policy choices for making the best market regulation systems. The research examined the existing market regulations in Iran, the experiences of selective countries, the supply chain methods and modern information techniques. The results indicate that market regulation should be implemented in each sector; thus, the market regulation for agricultural products should be done by Ministry of Agriculture instea... Read More

Amir Reza Souri  Abstract An analysis of the trends in macroeconomic variables over the past half-decade reflects the most profound experience of stagflation in Iran in recent years. The economic slowdown, rising costs of production, untapped production capacities, exchange rate appreciation, and uncertainties in foreign exchange market, dwindling investments, channeling of financial resources toward unproductive activities, double-digit rates of inflation, etc. are among the major charact... Read More

Determination of trade policies in the process of economic development and growth has always been a major concern for governments. An integrated and well targeted trade policy, as a tool for the materialization of development strategy objectives can, therefore, significantly contribute to enhancing the efficiency of government economic performance. Trade policy is a set of measures implemented by government in the area of trade. Comprehending the term trade policy needs the careful definition of... Read More

Roohallah Noori Abstract Despite the critical role of small and medium sized enterprises in economic development of Iran, they face difficulties such as problem of timely availability of working capital. As such, the main purpose of this study is to investigate roots and causes of this issue, as the most challenging problem of SMEs. So, this applied and descriptive study was done using qualitative data collection method and through selected managers in small and medium sized companies loca... Read More

Dr. Behnam Ghaffari  Abstract The Government and the Parliament, in recent years, have been seeking to replace the currently in force Commercial Act, because it is too old and does not meet today's needs. In this context, after many ups and downs, an Act entitled "the Commercial Bill" was approved by the Judicial and Legal Commission of the Parliament in January 2012. In April 2012, and according to Principle 85 of the Constitution of I.R. Iran, the Parliament agreed with the tentative a... Read More

Mitra Rahmani Abstract This research seeks to identify export and investment opportunities in the industrial sector of Iran by studying regional and global demand. By identifying regional (countries mentioned in the 20-Year Vision of I.R. Iran) and global demands and denoting imported goods with increasing share in 20 year period ending in 2010, as well as determining the potentials of export and production of Iran, we endeavored to highlight the goods that contribute to an active role of ... Read More

Samira Golkaran Moghaddam Abstract Throughout the recent decades, and in line with its policy of economic growth and development, Iran has been striving to increase its share in global trade. To this end, establishing new linkages and creating access to new markets can be very effective. For the identification of potential target markets, the potentials that these markets have for the exports of Iranian goods need to be identified. In this respect, due to lower transportation costs, region... Read More

Dr. Roohallah Noori   Abstract: There is Gap between the layers of government and firms of the packaging industry in Iran. Also, Iran has no activity in the international network of packaging industry. There is ambiguity in the main activities associated with policy making, management and monitoring of the packaging industry, institutions, and organizations related to these activities and mechanism of communication and interaction among them. This ambiguity and lack of integrity can be ... Read More

Bita Norouzi Abstract                                                                                                                                                                      One of the main results of this study, along with devising a scientific framework for formulating the guidelines for promoting halal food exports of Iran, is to provide some strategies and plans for growth processes in Iranian halal food exports. They are manifested to guide exporters of Iranian halal food... Read More

Dr. Ebrahim Ali Razini   Abstract: Copper plays a major role in the economic development of countries, and in fact, has a correlation with growth in industrial products. Thus, copper industry can also play an important role in the economic development and become a major source of foreign currency revenues of the country. This Study seeks to assess the competitiveness Iran's copper industry. In order to assess and calculate competitiveness, the unit cost (UC) ratio was used. This inde... Read More

Bahare Oryani Abstract The main purpose of this project is a futurological study of automotive industry in Iran emphasizing on passenger cars. A review on the evolution of the car industry global value chain showed that this industry has been moving toward integration and outsourcing. While, referring to the successful countries experience (such as India, China, Turkey) and unsuccessful countries (such as Russia), the best way to develop the car industry is joint venture investment contrac... Read More

Forough Mostafa Montaqami Abstract   This study surveys the laws and regulations related to a commercial advertisement in Iran, the USA, and Turkey. The main objective of this study is doing a research in order to present some recommendations to modify the text of Iran's "Draft Act on Commercial Advertisement”. The Draft Act is also analyzed in this research. The approaches of selected international institutions and organizations to the commercial advertisement are surveyed as well. The fi... Read More

Dr. Alireza Garshasbi  Abstract The imports of goods and services have a critical role in continuing production, market regulation, and exports in Iran. Facilitation of imports, therefore, decreases economic costs of the country. The intensification of economic sanctions in the period 2010-2012 reduced oil revenues and stopped services related to trade. The Central Bank of Iran was also sanctioned. The result was a shortage of foreign exchange supplies, an increase in foreign exchange rates,... Read More

Elnaz Miandoabchi Abstract      Foreign Trade is among the fundamental elements of a country’s economy. One of government responsibilities in this respect is to provide the conditions for fast, efficient and costly trade transactions. The efficiency of a trade transaction depends on various factors which contribute to the exchange of goods, information and money. These factors comprise a wide spectrum of policies, regulations, services such as transportation and logistics, insurance, banking... Read More

Rezvan Aghamirzaee Abstract One of the principles of programming in any system is designing programs based on the objectives envisaged in the system. In economic planning, the success of economic policies depends on full coordination among commercial, industrial, monetary, fiscal and foreign exchange policies and objectives. As the Government is soon going to start formulating the Sixth Development Plan, and due to the dramatic changes that the world economy witnessed in the past decade and... Read More

Ahmad Tashkini   Abstract The aim of this research is to analyze economic effects of credit policies on major economic sectors in Iran’s Economy, emphasizing on industry and mining sectors.  To do so, we employed three methodological approaches: descriptive statistical analysis of macroeconomic data; taking expert opinions; and an econometric system of equations using the seemingly unrelated regression method for annual data in the period 1973-2012. Our results show that especially in man... Read More