To develop trade relations with other countries, Iran concludes trade facilitation agreements in the form of tariff and non-tariff barriers reductio, including Malaysia. In order to expand its exports to Iran, this country has presented a list of its commercial goods in order to demand a reduction in Iran's import tariff from Iran and to be able to expand its exports with our country by receiving concessions. Malaysia's application list includes 319 eight-digit tariff codes (219 six-digit tariff... Read More

In order to develop trade relations with Turkey, Iran has concluded a trade facilitation agreement in the form of reduction of tariff barriers. In this regard, Turkey to expand its exports to Iran, has presented a list of goods to demand a tariff reduction from Iran and to be able to expand its exports with Iran. The requested list by Turkey includes 122 six-digit tariff codes, of which only one is in the agricultural sector. Iran's tariff rate on these goods is between 5% to 32% and the aver... Read More

Iran has a competitive advantage in the production of chemical and pharmaceutical products due to its oil and natural gas resources, as well as the support of scientific centers and the educated people. These industries play a significant role in Iran's manufacturing production and trade. From a trade point of view, the products of these industries, due to the country's advantage, have a large share in Iran's non-oil exports, and on average, about 30% of the country's total exports in recent yea... Read More

South Korea began its development process in the 1960s and with integrated planning has been able to establish itself as one of the most successful Asian examples in forming value chains and vertical specialization (VSI) and connecting to global value chains. According to the International Trade Center, in 2019, the total value of trade in goods and services in South Korea amounted to 1275 billion dollars, of which 1045 billion was related to trade in goods and the rest (228 billion dollars) ... Read More

The National Trade Single Window was officially launched by the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade in 2016, in accordance with Article (5) of the Law on Combating Commodity and Currency Smuggling, in order to monitor domestic and foreign trade processes. Since then, commendable efforts and actions have been taken by the executive bodies, headed by the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade, to complete and establish this system. Given the status and importance of this system, its implementation ... Read More

Due to the vulnerability of Iran's economy in the face of sanctions restrictions and the prevalence of the corona, it seems that a country can have the ability to cooperate with Iran, which is better than other countries in managing the economic challenges caused by this epidemic. According to a long-term plan, the Chinese authorities will pursue their cooperation with the countries of the region, including Iran, in the form of expanding cooperation with 65 countries along the belt and road proj... Read More

What’s the problem: The Commercial Code Bill, a chapter of which is devoted to commercial contracts has been returned by the Guardian Council to the Parliament for reconsideration. Accordingly all its articles will have to be reviewed in the open session of the Parliament, which provides a much-needed opportunity for the Government to reconsider all parts of the Bill, in particular from the perspective of its policy functions. Since all legal regulations are indeed policy instruments of the gove... Read More

The outbreak of Covid9 during the recent months, and the resulting issues such as lockdown restrictions and implementation of health protocols, income levels fall, and changes in consumer demand has deeply affected the global retail sector. There have been significant changes in the behavioral patterns of the consumers, because of economic and health considerations. On one hand, demand has risen for purchasing essentials such as food and medications, and has fallen for non-essentials. On the oth... Read More

This report will try to explore changes in important macroeconomic variables such as economic growth, unemployment and inflation during development programs. In addition to these indicators, the trend of productivity (labor, capital and total), income distribution in society (Gini coefficient), foreign trade including exports, imports and trade balance, per capita income and other issues will be addressed. Findings show that the goals of the program in terms of economic growth have not been a... Read More

An examination of the cost items of low-income people in the society shows that the increase in the price of food products, which has a higher share than high-income people, has put a lot of pressure on the vulnerable groups. So that in the period from March 2018 to September 2020, pasta, first-class foreign rice and legumes have increased in price by more than 100%. Teas, sugars, Iranian rice, eggs, sugars and dairy products have also risen in price by 60 to 91 percent. On the other hand, due t... Read More

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by 26.1% over the last four season ended summer 1399 compared to the same period last year. The analysis of specific groups of commodity and consumer price index also reflected that the trend of the goods and services increased from 28.4 and 23.2 percent in summer 1399 compared to the same period last year. Food and beverages and housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels increased by 21.5 and 23.5 percent, respectively. They have the highest share ... Read More

With the globalization of trade in recent years and the shorter lifespan of products, companies are more widely involved in providing the resources they need, as well as in selling and distributing products. One of the most important steps in achieving this goal is to outsource operations and focus on mission activities in which the company has a competitive advantage. One of the priorities of outsourcing is logistics and transportation operations. Third party logistics companies are companies h... Read More

Design is very important in the automotive world, and as a highly specialized profession, it includes everything from conceptualization through to building prototype. One of the keys to the success of the world's leading automotive companies is the use of unique designs and collaboration with renowned designers. Car design is a teamwork and the result of collaboration with designers, engineers and even various companies. Therefore, teamwork and the collecting ideas from individual designers is v... Read More

Every year, as the end of the year approaches, in an effort to calm the market, agricultural market regulators announce their plans to regulate the Eid market. But various obstacles and factors, including weakness in the distribution network's information system of the country and some atmospheric factors, as well as natural disasters and managerial problems, have sometimes raised difficulties and despite announcement of procurement programs and stockpiling tons of fruits, some recent market reg... Read More

Distribution system of goods and services, along with other economic developments around the world, is rapidly evolving. While in the past, small and large manufacturers, importers and distributors were the main players in the distribution of goods and services (and ultimately small and medium-sized stores have been responsible for direct supply of goods and services to customers), now new players have superseded them. The level of activity has also been expanded beyond the national level, and s... Read More

Logistics centers are the key elements of modern logistics systems of countries, which have gained interest in the recent decades. Success and efficiency of logistics centers is dependent on their appropriate location, presence of the required infrastructures, and support from governments. This report discusses the role of logistics centers in facilitating and accelerating the surge in production. In this regard, first the subject of location in logistics centers and the importance of government... Read More

One of the basic and efficient tools to examine the performance of companies is financial statements. Using financial statements, it is possible to extract an accurate result from the expenses and revenues of a company and explain the shortcomings and weaknesses related to each cost heading. In this report, the financial statements of the two main automobile companies of the country are examined and based on the prevailing market conditions, there are two periods of 2016-2017 (there is relative ... Read More

The COVID-19 pandemic is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019. The first confirmed case was announced in January 2020 in China. Today, it has spread to more than 200 countries. Iran has not been immune to its various, especially economic, consequences. According to the report's authors, the disease is one of the causes of exogenous cycles. And like other exogenous cycles created in nature, such as weather and climate conditions, they cause economic cycles. This report stud... Read More

Public stockpiling of staple foods has been used for centuries as a tool for ensuring food security. But disruptions in supply of commodities during 2007-8 and 2011, forced governments to adopt specific stockpiling policies in dealing with such uncertainties. Stockpiling of agricultural products for strategic purposes such as dealing with food shortages during emergencies, controlling food markets and stabilizing the prices, is prevalent in Asian country and other developing economies. For this ... Read More

Economic and trade relations between Iran and India entered a new phase with the signing of a $ 500 million memorandum in 2015 for the development of Chabahar port; Railway investment, Iran-India-Afghanistan trilateral agreement to build international transportation corridor in Chabahar help expand ties despite US sanctions against Iran. It seems that the conclusion of a bilateral preferential trade agreement can be facilitated, given the efforts made to pave the way for the development of bilat... Read More

The outbreak of the Covid-19 has created restrictions on the export market of Iranian pharmaceuticals and medical equipment. These restrictions have caused the loss of some markets, on the other hand the production of some pharmaceutical and medical products related to the Covid-19 is in the production program of related companies and due to increasing demand and production scale, a good opportunity Provided to increase quality. In this situation, due to the country's currency restrictions, effo... Read More

Trade developments in recent months have been largely driven by the prevailing developments in international trade in the effects and consequences of the outbreak of Covid-19. Some of the latest and most important business developments are as follows: 1- Decline in trade in goods and services in the world A 13 to 32 percent reduction in trade in goods, according to the World Trade Organization (WTO) by the end of 2020; Predict significant trade decline in more complex parts of the glo... Read More

The present report is prepared in three chapters. The first chapter, entitled "Product Introduction", begins with an examination of the aluminum industry, including product introduction, production process, production and consumption coefficients, and product chain. Then the performance of the aluminum industry chain including production, supply, demand, import, export, trading partners are examined and then the energy consumption of the aluminum industry in Iran and its comparison at the region... Read More

Developing countries use such export taxes and restrictions in pursuit of development policy objectives. Export taxes and restrictions take various forms such as, quotas, export prohibitions, minimum export prices, reducing/eliminating VAT rebates. Export taxes use for increase revenue, food security, keep domestic prices low, securing domestic supply, environmental reasons, further production processing/ more value added and illegal trade. China, Argentina, India, and Pakistan are the countries... Read More

Iran has a competitive advantage in the production of chemical and pharmaceutical products due to its oil and natural gas resources, as well as the support of scientific centers and the educated people. These industries play a significant role in Iran's manufacturing production and trade. From a trade point of view, the products of these industries, due to the country's advantage, have a large share in Iran's non-oil exports, and on average, about 30% of the country's total exports in recent yea... Read More

1- Market regulation consists of a set of rules, policies, measures and strategies that seek to create convergence in the value chain of goods and services in the market and to protect all its agents in line with minimization of risks associated with price and quantity fluctuations bu adopting appropriate policy tools in the field of supply and consumption. These policies are heavily influenced by changes in macroeconomic variables. In this regard, inflation variation can be considered as an imp... Read More

Given the importance of the agricultural sector in influencing macroeconomic indicators such as value added and job creation, as well as its key role in ensuring food security, this study is briefly and concisely with the approach of identifying challenges in Iran's agricultural sector and introducing strategies to improve productivity and production in related activities. It has been done with the mentioned section. Studies show that the most important destructive challenges in Iran's agricultu... Read More

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Future trade performance is thus best understood in terms of two distinct scenarios : (1) a relatively optimistic scenario, with a sharp drop in trade followed by a recovery starting in the second half of 2020, and (2) a more pessimistic scenario with a steeper initial decline and a more prolonged and incomplete recovery. Under the optimistic scenario, the recovery will be strong enough to bring trade close to its pre-pandemic trend, while the pessimistic scenario only envisages a partial rec... Read More

Abstract The purpose of this report is to review and analyze Mines and Industry sector developments in stock exchange. Based on data, industry index had a 30 percent rise in 1394 where most changes took place in the final quarter of the year and after Iran nuclear agreement. The results indicate that despite higher level of equity financing, there has been fewer financing opportunities for economic activities giving rise to a 10 percent fall in profitability of projects in Mines and Industry se... Read More

Abstract This paper examines the significance of bank financing, emphasizing on the role of development banks. The results indicate that in spite of the emphasis on alternative methods, bank financing is still the most common way of financing with banks accounting for more than 50 percent of all credits in 10 advanced economies of the world. Meanwhile, Development banks are playing a major role in furthering development goals, taking on a counter cyclical role in critical situations thanks to t... Read More

Abstract The purpose of this report is to prioritize investments in manufacturing industries thereby paving the way for non-oil export promotion. To identify the selected industrial activities, we made use of several variables including export revenues index (as a substitute variable for industrial activities level of dependence on export markets), industries share of production and export (terms of trade for manufacturing products), share of imported inputs in output value, share of imported i... Read More

With the spread of the coronavirus and the resulting crises, there have been several challenges facing societies and serious consequences for industries and economic actors. All governments are looking for ways to reduce the negative effects of this crisis and have come up with new technological solutions to combat the spread of the virus. Communication and information technology, automation and robots, artificial intelligence, monitoring and control, and any strategy that leads to an increase i... Read More

With the spread of the coronavirus and the resulting crises, there have been several challenges facing societies and serious consequences for industries and economic actors. All governments are looking for ways to reduce the negative effects of this crisis. In this regard, various countries have put on the agenda the implementation of temporary trade policies in order to maintain food security and provide the medical and medical equipment they need. The latest developments in this area are as fo... Read More

The world has been an unusual place since we published our first VoxEU/CEPR eBook on COVID-19, Economics in the Time of COVID-19, on 9 March 2020. The number of COVID-19 cases and deaths have soared globally. Europe is now the centre of the pandemic but the US, given its huge population (330 million) and lack of national leadership, is on course to become the next centre. Stock markets gyrate 5 to 10% a day, sometimes up but mostly down. Other financial markets are equally volatile. Governments ... Read More

The Coronavirus outbreak, In addition to Healthcare sector has shut down many economic sectors, including the guilds, due to quarantine to break the virus transmission chain, making it necessary to determination guidelines for supporting them. Therefore, in order to provide a framework for identifying vulnerable guilds, it will be helpful to Investigating the pattern of household consumption. Especially the pattern of household consumption in the last month of the year, when some guilds were mor... Read More

The country’s goal setting for moving towards a knowledge-based economy and a set of policies for supporting the companies active in this area has resulted in a rather quantitative growth of such companies. On the other hand, since the overall objectives of such sponsorship has mainly been on addressing the domestic needs of the country, the export-related dimensions of the technology-based products have been by far ignored or not received decent attention. For bridging this gap, the following q... Read More

A survey of the share of industrial sector in Iran GDP (at constant and current prices) with emphasis on the period 2001-2011, indicates two different trends. The industrial sector's share in GDP at constant prices increased steadily over the period 1989-2014; while its share in GDP at current prices increased in the period 1990-2001 and then experienced a downward trend during the period 2002-2014. The purpose of this report is to investigate and analyze the share of the industrial sector in Ir... Read More

Statistics show a decline in the production of industrial goods in 2005. A survey on the production of selected industrial goods during the period 2003-2005 shows that during this period, production has been steadily decreasing in industries producing such products as tractors, cartons, pesticides, DMT, aluminum ingots, and coal and cement concentrates.... Read More

Assessing the possible impacts of the new round of US unilateral sanctions against Iran and taking prudential measures to stave off the negative effects of such policies are among priorities of the Iranian economy. In this sense, A Seminar was held here in Tehran July 18, 2018, to examine the legal and economic aspects of the new round of US unilateral sanctions against Iran within an academic approach. The Seminar also addressed the impacts of US measures on the international contracts that hav... Read More

Since the end of the Iraqi imposed war, the Iranian economy has experienced several foreign exchange rate shocks with impacts on different sectors of the economy. In every foreign exchange shock, policy and decision makers face two fundamental questions: First, what are the effects of foreign exchange rate changes on major variables of the industrial sector? And second, which industrial fields of activity gain and which lose from such changes? The findings of the research show that a proper f... Read More

The steel industry is one of the most important and fundamental industries in the world. Due to a large number of forwarding and backward linkages of the industry with other sectors of the economy, it is considered as a leading and key industry, in such a way that the amount of per capita steel production and consumption is considered as one of the indicators of the development and advancement of countries. The presence of the steel industry in a region has an important impact on the development... Read More

This study addresses the role and importance of providing financial resources to industries through banks in general and development banks in particular. The results of the study indicate that although much emphasis has been placed in recent years on the use of financing methods relying on non-bank sources, the share of banking sources in total credits granted in 10 of the most advanced economies in the world is now more than 50%. The results of the study also indicate that development banks pla... Read More

This report, building upon several indices including the share of export earnings in sales value (as a substitute variable for the degree of reliance of industrial activities on export markets), comparison of the importance of each industrial activity in terms of its share in industrial production, as well as in industrial exports (terms of trade of the value of industrial products in terms of domestic and export prices), the share of imported raw materials in the output value of the field of in... Read More

Given the economy’s high dependence on oil revenues combined with oil influential role in government budget in Iran, we seek to examine the impact of oil revenue shocks on Iran’s economy by means of a DSGE-BVAR model. We are further motivated by the observation that government has been less likely to cut current spending in response to frequent plunges in oil revenues. This, in return, has led to higher macroeconomic instability in times of oil price volatility. We identify technology shocks, oi... Read More

This report first provides an overview of the global economy and the position of Iran from the perspective of macroeconomic variables in 2014-2015. Then, in order to identify the factors affecting Iran's economic performance; a number of macro variables of Iran are compared with those of other countries in the world and the region. Also, some international indicators, in particular factors affecting the performance of industrial enterprises have been studied. According to the results of the stud... Read More

This report aims to provide solutions for the enhancement of the competitiveness of tourism industry in pursuit of economic goals after the sanctions were lifted. Using the concept of resilient economy, resistance can be defined as reducing vulnerability and increasing the flexibility of the national economy against external threats. With such a definition, it can be concluded that the promotion of tourism is a way for achieving the objectives of resistance economy through enhancing both outward... Read More

This report identifies the institutions overlooking iron ore mining and studies the structure of iron ore market in Iran. To this end, public and private institutions in charge of the industry since the beginning of the formation of iron ore mines in the country were investigated, and then the structure of supply-side iron ore market, as well as that of large iron ore extraction complexes of the country were investigated, using both documentary and field study methodologies (e.g. interview with ... Read More

Brazil has the largest healthcare market in South America, with the highest per-capita spending on health in the region. The per-capita spending on health has been increasing in the country, despite the growing population. The Brazilian pharmaceutical market is the sixth largest in the world and is ranked only second after China among emerging economies, in terms of sales value. The pharmaceuticals market in Brazil grew by 16.8% in 2013 to $ 25.9 billion. The sales volume of the market is expect... Read More

Technology development is among the key pillars of a dynamic economy which can influence global trends, and the relevance of which in determining the degree of development of countries has led to a specific emphasis on the development of advanced industries in the General Policies of the Resistance Economy and the strategic programme of the Ministry of Industry, Mining and Trade. The medical equipment and biopharmaceutical industries are among the advanced industries that, while enjoying vital s... Read More

The auto parts manufacturing industry in Iran is one of the strategic industries in the car manufacturing value chain, which has relatively high job creation and value added. Since proper development of all links in the value chains in various economic sectors plays a significant role in the fulfillment of the objectives of the most fundamental economic policies of the country, such as increasing productivity, employment, empowerment of the workforce and enhancing competitiveness, this paper att... Read More

The producer and consumer price indices are among the most relevant elements used for determination of the performance of the industrial sector. This report examines changes in these indicators, as well as the export price index for commodities in 2015, considering the share that industrial activities have in changing these indicators. The study shows that in 2015, due to the negative growth of the industrial producer price index and the significant share of the services sector in the growth of ... Read More

In 2015, Iran faced wide-ranging political and economic developments affecting macroeconomic indices and the industrial sector. Due to structural constraints prevailing in the country's economy, the developments and the relevant policies adopted by the government in 2015, the country's economic growth was reduced, and Iran's economy was only able to grow 1.3%. Meanwhile, the growth of the industry and mining sector was zero percent. In order to evaluate the country's economic performance, as wel... Read More

The relatively constant share of the basic metals industry in creating value added in 2004 and 2013 (ranking fourth), and its 8.45% employment rate in the industrial sector (in 2013) indicates that basic metals industry continues to have a strategic position in the industrial sector and due to the effective role investing in the basic metals industry had on the growth of industrial investment during the period 2012-2015, supporting this industry can have a significant impact on industrial growth... Read More

The history of formulating a specific industrial policy document in Turkey dates back to more than a decade ago in 2003. At that time, Turkey sought to formulate a set of integrated industrial policies aimed at joining the European Union (EU). The document entitled "Industrial Policy for Turkey (towards EU membership)" was put into effect from 2003 to 2011, that is, until the implementation of its second edition. The study of the Turkish economy at that time (2003) reflects the fact that the cou... Read More

Sanctions against Iran have a long history, starting with the victory of the Islamic Revolution. The range of sanctions related to Iran's nuclear program, however, has not always been the same. The main difference between the two groups of sanctions (before and after 2010) can be seen in the number of sanctioning countries, as well as the scope of the economic sectors affected. More precisely, the sanctions prior to 2010 focused mainly on a number of specific sectors of the economy (such as inve... Read More

This paper examines the behavior of investment in the Iranian economy emphasizing industrial investment and explains the factors affecting its decline. An examination of available statistics shows that the overall investment trend at constant prices (aggregate gross fixed capital formation and inventory change) in the country after an increase in the period 2004-2011 experienced a relatively considerable decline (a -23% growth in 2014, compared to 2011). Also, the share of total investment in GD... Read More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of Iran's cement industry based on audited financial statements of 24 selected companies accepted into the Stock Exchange by the Securities and Stock Organization during the two-year period of 2014-2015. To this end, using the functional variables (production, sales, investment, profitability and financial costs) in the financial statements, and financial ratios (current, quick, debt, and inventory turnover ratios), the performance of ... Read More

Several theories have been formulated to explain the positive effects of foreign investment (including providing financial resources to build productive capacities, export development, technology transfer, managerial skills and organizational capabilities), as well as its negative effects (including undue exploitation of natural resources and markets in the host country, limited space for the activity of domestic firms, non-formation of technical spillovers, as well as forward and backward linka... Read More

The attraction of foreign financial resources to develop investment has been among the major objectives of the Government, in particular after the JCPOA. The relevance of this issue can be seen in the Sixth Development Plan Act, where a significant portion of the financial sources for investment is targeted to be funded through foreign capital. The realization of the average annual 8% growth rate in the Sixth Development Plan depends on attracting foreign investment. In connection with using for... Read More

Given the great reliance of the Sixth Development Plan Bill on foreign financial resources (more than 22%), there is clearly a serious need for devising certain mechanisms for the attraction of foreign investment, if the 8% growth objective of the Plan is to be fulfilled. In order to propose relevant articles to be included in the Sixth Development Plan Bill, this study reviewed the theoretical literature related to factors affecting foreign investment and its incentives and examined the experie... Read More

This report sought to explore the fields of interaction between selected countries (Indonesia, Cuba, Myanmar, Kazakhstan, India, Georgia and Tanzania) with UNIDO. To this end, we studied the content of their national programmes and projects, in order to identify the major fields of cooperation between these countries and UNIDO. According to the results of the survey, the following fields were the most relevant: Reducing poverty and gender inequality (underlining empowerment of women); En... Read More

According to the Competitiveness Report of 2016-17, Iran's economy was 131st in terms of the level of financial market development among 138 countries, indicating the ineffectiveness of financial markets in Iran. Considering that the important sub-components of financial market development are mainly related to banking sector, and that the financing system is bank-oriented in Iran, this indicates that the major cause of inefficiency of the country's financial markets is the poor functioning of t... Read More

Due to such implications as increased inflation and decreased real exchange rate, there has always been controversy about the implementation of monetary and fiscal policies. This paper aims to analyze the effects of monetary shocks and government expenditures on macroeconomic indicators of Iran (especially on imports and exports) using the DSGE new Keynesian open economy model. For this purpose, a DSGE model is developed according to the characteristics of Iran’s economy, such as the presence of... Read More

Increasing the sophistication of non-oil exports is one of the ways to reach high economic growth in developing countries. Due to the importance of the subject, this study attempted to first measure the non-oil export sophistication and its main drivers for Iran. Secondly, using panel data and time series of 1997-2013 for 71 middle income developing countries and for Iran, the factors influencing the non-oil export sophistication were investigated, using the generalized least squares method. The... Read More

The housing and construction sector accounts for more than 5% of the GDP and 40% of the gross fixed capital formation in Iran. According to the input-output table, and based on the results of studying inter-sectoral links, the housing is a key sector from the point of view of demand creation. Therefore, stimulating the real demand of the housing sector leads to an increase in demand for industrial and mineral products, while the decline in activities in the sector has serious implications for de... Read More

This study aimed to develop a multi-sector Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (Large DSGE) model for Iran’s economy. In this model, economy was divided into three sectors: Agriculture, non-agriculture, and oil. Imports and exports were also included in the model. In order to adapt the model with Iran’s economic conditions, price stickiness in agriculture and non-agriculture were included. Then, the impact of rising oil prices on agricultural sector was examined. To calculate the required coe... Read More

The effects of reducing subsidies paid to the agricultural sector has been investigated in this paper. In this context, the Social Accounting Matrix of 1385 (78 × 78) was developed as an analytical model framework. Since the amount of subsidies paid by Iran to its agricultural sector, as expressed in terms of Total Aggregate Measure of Support (TAMS) is more than the levels set by the World Trade Organization, it must annually reduce the subsidies by 13,600 billion Rials in a course of ten years... Read More

Session I-1   (Political Economy of Iran after Presidential Elections with Restrained Sanctions and Enhanced Stability) Iran's Political Economy after Presidential Election  Iran-Korea Relations after 2017 Presidential Elections in Both Countries: Problems and Prospects    Session I-2 (The Recent Trend of Economy and Trade in Iran) IRAN-KOREA Trade Relationships, Survey of Trends and Coordinates Economic and Trade Cooperation Opportunity between Iran and Korea ... Read More

The 2017-2018 Knowledge Sharing Program (KSP) of Ministry of Strategy and Finance of Republic of Korea was kicked off on September 23rd here in Tehran.  KSP was awarded to Institute for Trade Studies and Research this year and in the one year process of the program, Korean and Iranian researchers will work together to address competitiveness challenges of Iranian industries by deriving from successful Korean experiences, with a particular focus on downstream petrochemical, pharmaceutical and med... Read More

The Islamic Republic of Iran (hereafter referred to as Iran) is considered to be an Energy Superpower, accounting for 10 and 15 percent of the world’s proven oil and gas reserves. Regarding mineral reserves, it holds 1st largest zinc reserves and 2nd largest copper reserves while possessing 10th largest Aluminum and 11th largest iron ore and lead reserves. The economy enjoys not only a good position in factor market, but also faces an advantageous demand condition including a market of 78.9 mill... Read More

Institute for Trade Studies and Research (ITSR), International Trade Center (ITC) and Trade Promotion Organization of Iran (TPO), jointly held a forum on studying risks and benefits of participating in global value chains and the existing opportunities for Iranian industries, on September 18th and 19th of 2017. High level officials from TPO, ITSR, Planning and Budgeting Organization, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade participated in this two-day event.  Andres Aeroe... Read More

Institute for Trade Studies and Research (ITSR), International Trade Center (ITC) and Trade Promotion Organization of Iran (TPO), jointly held a forum on studying risks and benefits of participating in global value chains and the existing opportunities for Iranian industries, on September 18th and 19th of 2017. High level officials from TPO, ITSR, Planning and Budgeting Organization, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade participated in this two-day event.  Andres Aeroe... Read More

Amir Reza Souri   Abstract Economic experts envisage clear and growing prospects for Iranian economy in 2017. According to their estimates, the economic growth, growth of gross fixed capital formation and growth of value added in industrial and mining sectors are expected to be 5, 7 and 5 per cent respectively. They, however, argue that high unemployment rate; uncertainties about the future of the JCPOA; volatility of the foreign exchange market; government debt to banks, contractors a... Read More

In the post-Islamic Revolution years, controlling inflation and, at some points, maintaining balance in government budgets have been the most important economic objectives determining foreign exchange rate in Iran; an approach which, by reducing the real foreign exchange rates (which was tantamount to reducing the domestic competitiveness), has had negative implications for the domestic production and trade balance of the country, and which has in deed not promoted the country's production and e... Read More

Monitoring the cases raised at the WTO Dispute Settlement Body can significantly help acceding countries to reduce the negative implications and increase the benefits of joining the organization. This report reviewed one of the most recent decisions made by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body which can be of great significance to our country. The case concerns complaints made by the European Union, Japan and the United States in 2012 against a number of measures affecting the importation of goods... Read More

Preferential and free trade agreements today, have an important role in expanding trade in goods and services at the international level, and are commonly used as a policy tool in commercial planning, in promoting trade, and in particular in the context of accession to the World Trade Organization. Iran has concluded nine preferential trade agreements with Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Tunisia, Cuba, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Turkey and Afghanistan, and one free trade agreement with Syria... Read More

Abolfazl Masoomzadeh Zavare   Abstract Integrated marketing communication (IMC) is a model for better understanding the target audience and introducing the firm, its products and services, as well as its brand. The major goals and programs of IMC include informing, encouraging and influencing the target audience in the market. This research project, after reviewing the theoretical framework in the first phase, examined the experiences of Iranian and foreign banks in implementing IMC ... Read More

Note 2.s.1 to the Budget Act for the Iranian year 1393 (20 March 2014-21 March 2015) allows the Government to invest up to 100 billion Dollars in oil and gas projects (up to 75%), and in the optimization and reduction of energy consumption, as well as reduction of greenhouse gas emission (up to 25%). Among energy consumption optimization projects in transportation sector is the "modernization of the road freight transport fleet by replacing 65,000 worn-out trucks with new, up-to-date-technology ... Read More

Due to its strong forward and backward linkages and job creating nature, as well as positive functions effective on economic growth, the tourism industry can play an effective role in the economy, and the Iranian economic policy makers and planners are accordingly focusing on recreational, industrial, mineral, cultural, medical, and religious tourism. Since tourism industry can become the most important source of foreign exchange earnings for countries with tourism attractions such as Iran, i... Read More

Among the key issues to be tackled in the "Bill on the Permanent VAT Act", is the management of the importation of certain goods, such as cars. In this regard, the governments in Iran have taken various measures to control the imports of luxury cars, including imposing bans and restrictions, levying duties and taxes, and deprioritizing or even prohibiting the allocation of foreign exchange to the importation of luxury cars. At times, however, these tools have been only partially effective or eve... Read More

Among the key issues to be tackled in the "Bill on the Permanent VAT Act", is the management of the importation of certain goods, such as cars. In this regard, the governments in Iran have taken various measures to control the imports of luxury cars, including imposing bans and restrictions, levying duties and taxes, and deprioritizing or even prohibiting the allocation of foreign exchange to the importation of luxury cars. At times, however, these tools have been only partially effective or eve... Read More

Among the strategic objectives pursued by the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Mine is promoting management knowledge in order to support the industrial development process of the country. Identification, documentation and promotion of business models in various industries, and promotion of management knowledge through the development of the industrial culture are among the administrative policies related to this strategy. Focusing  on the characteristics of enterprises in the field of industry, ... Read More

Among the strategic objectives pursued by the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Mine is promoting management knowledge in order to support the industrial development process of the country. Identification, documentation and promotion of business models in various industries, and promotion of management knowledge through the development of the industrial culture are among the administrative policies related to this strategy. Focusing  on the characteristics of enterprises in the field of industry, ... Read More

Halal brands in food products, as well as in pharmaceutical industries have, over the past decade, appealed to Muslim consumers all over the world. Pharmaceutical companies in Muslim countries are increasingly using halal materials in their products. Through enforcing halal medicine standards, Muslim countries, Iran included, have taken significant steps forward in producing halal medicines, vaccines and other pharmaceutical products. However, due to numerous constraints and challenges, the phar... Read More

Promotion of consumer rights emphasizing sustainable consumption patterns is among the key objectives of government decision and policy makers. This orientation of policies is the result of such factors as the larger population of consumers compared to suppliers; consumers' position as the last ring in the value chain of goods and services; and their role in guaranteeing a sustainable growth in production. In addition, due to an imbalanced access to resources and information, the consumers' have... Read More

The present status of the goods distribution channels in Iran can be characterized by such features as a high share of traditional actors compared to modern players in the market (quantitative feature); low technical and managerial standards (qualitative feature); and a large number of unregistered retail sellers in the market. The major roots of this problem can be found among others, in the lack of a general rule of law and the weakness of public institutions monitoring the distribution system... Read More

Joint investment in the form of joint venture is a way for the transfer of technology, management skills and knowhow, as well as development of products, widely used in the world auto industry in order to reap the benefits of economy of scale, reduce costs, etc. In this context, one of the most important questions to be answered in conclusion of joint venture contracts is the orientations and approaches that must be considered. To attract foreign investment in auto industry, the Government in... Read More

Dutch disease has numerous (though not much various) definitions in different economic structures. These definitions look at the issue of the Dutch disease from different angles. In some definitions, based on the economic structure of the relevant countries, the symptoms of the disease are emphasized; while in some others, the focus is on etiology and the causes of the disease. Other definitions look at the mechanisms and processes through which the disease impacts the economy. In a general defi... Read More

Various investment opportunities in the newly opening economy of Iran were discussed "Iran Business Symposium" (Feb 21-23, 2017) held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Ms. Afsaneh Shafiei, a senior researcher in Institute for Trade Studies and Research, discussed some facts on Iran's economy and its structural dynamism within the recent decade. Iran as an Energy Superpower, she said, is not only becoming relatively diverse and more reliant on services and industry sectors, but also it is experienci... Read More

The president of the Institute for Trade Studies and Research (ITSR), Dr.Razavi and Ms. Jana Treek, the Managing Director of Middle East region of Oxford Business Group (OBG) met on  January 17th, 2017 to discuss possible areas of cooperation to address  the data scarcity challenges with regard to Iranian economy and its diverse sectors. The issue has been a top priority for Iranian officials, and international investors have repeatedly voiced this concern over the past year, after implementatio... Read More

Following a formal invitation from Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, Dr.Razavi president of the Institute for Trade Studies and Research attended the KIEP and Associations of Area Studies Conference from October 20 to 21, 2016 in Seoul, as a keynote panelist. The theme of the conference was “Partnership with Emerging Economies under Deepening Global Uncertainties”.  With conflicts raging in different parts of the world, export-oriented economies like a South Korean stand to los... Read More

Following a formal invitation from Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, Dr.Razavi president of the Institute for Trade Studies and Research attended the KIEP and Associations of Area Studies Conference from October 20 to 21, 2016 in Seoul, as a keynote panelist. The theme of the conference was “Partnership with Emerging Economies under Deepening Global Uncertainties”.  With conflicts raging in different parts of the world, export-oriented economies like a South Korean stand to los... Read More

The president of the Institute for Trade Studies and Research (ITSR), Dr.Razavi and Ms. Jana Treek, the Managing Director of Middle East region of Oxford Business Group (OBG) met on  January 17th, 2017 to discuss possible areas of cooperation to address  the data scarcity challenges with regard to Iranian economy and its diverse sectors. The issue has been a top priority for Iranian officials, and international investors have repeatedly voiced this concern over the past year, after implementatio... Read More

"Our country's president traveled to Iran recently and during the visit, 90 contracts and MoUs were inked by the two countries in the fields of transportation, watershed management, energy exploration and financing projects to develop the bilateral ties," Dung Jo, an official at the South Korean embassy in Tehran, said. He also announced South Korea's cultural center will also be set up in Iran next year. Noting that Iran and South Korea enjoy the proper understanding of each others' posit... Read More

‘Industry 4.0’ stands for the fourth industrial revolution. Other related terms include the ‘Industrial Internet’ or the ‘Digital Factory’, although neither takes as complete a view. While Industry 3.0 focused on the automation of single machines and processes, Industry 4.0 focuses on the end-to-end digitization of all physical assets and integration into digital ecosystems with value chain partners. Generating, analyzing and communicating data seamlessly underpin the gains promised by Industry ... Read More

The 4th Korea-Iran Cooperation Forum: New Opportunities and Challenges for Cooperation between Korea and Iran in the Post-Sanctions Era   On May 29th of 2016, KIEP jointly organized 'The 4th Korea-Iran Cooperation Forum' under the title of "New Opportunities and Challenges for Cooperation between Korea and Iran in the Post-Sanctions Era" with the Asan Institute for Policy Studies and the Institute for Trade Studies and Research(ITSR) at the ITSR, Tehran, Iran. The forum aimed at discussing... Read More

In the opening ceremony of ITSR’s joint workshop with Korea Institue for International Economic Policy and Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade on industrial and trade policy, Dr.Razavi welcomed Dr.Joo, Dr.Suh, Dr.Kim and Dr.Lee for taking the time off from their busy schedules to attend ITSR’s workshop. Moreover, Dr.Razavi thanked the delegation from Embassy of Republic of Korea in Tehran for attending the workshop and their financial support for the joint effort between KIEP, KIE... Read More

ITSR, KIEP and KIET hold joint workshop on industrial and trade policy formulation On the December 19th Institute for Trade Studies and Research of Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade held a workshop on “export promoting industrial policies” and “Accession to WTP” in collaboration with Korea Institute for International economy and Korea Institute for Industrial Economy. This workshop which is organized at the time of expanding knowledge sharing initiatives between the two countries was atte... Read More

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"Our country's president traveled to Iran recently and during the visit, 90 contracts and MoUs were inked by the two countries in the fields of transportation, watershed management, energy exploration and financing projects to develop the bilateral ties," Dung Jo, an official at the South Korean embassy in Tehran, said. He also announced South Korea's cultural center will also be set up in Iran next year. Noting that Iran and South Korea enjoy the proper understanding of each others' posit... Read More

"Our country's president traveled to Iran recently and during the visit, 90 contracts and MoUs were inked by the two countries in the fields of transportation, watershed management, energy exploration and financing projects to develop the bilateral ties," Dung Jo, an official at the South Korean embassy in Tehran, said. He also announced South Korea's cultural center will also be set up in Iran next year. Noting that Iran and South Korea enjoy proper understanding of each others' positions... Read More

Abstract Commercialization of intellectual property plays an important role in improving the business environment and is the focus of much attention today because of its contribution to economic development. The main prerequisite for the commercialization of intellectual property is laws protecting intellectual property, a requirement that is met by the Iranian legal system. In this study, we examined the overall role of intellectual property in the economic development. Then, while reviewing... Read More

Zorar Permeh   Abstract: The purpose of this research was to find the most useful policy choices for making the best market regulation systems. The research examined the existing market regulations in Iran, the experiences of selective countries, the supply chain methods and modern information techniques. The results indicate that market regulation should be implemented in each sector; thus, the market regulation for agricultural products should be done by Ministry of Agriculture instea... Read More

Amir Reza Souri  Abstract An analysis of the trends in macroeconomic variables over the past half-decade reflects the most profound experience of stagflation in Iran in recent years. The economic slowdown, rising costs of production, untapped production capacities, exchange rate appreciation, and uncertainties in foreign exchange market, dwindling investments, channeling of financial resources toward unproductive activities, double-digit rates of inflation, etc. are among the major charact... Read More

Determination of trade policies in the process of economic development and growth has always been a major concern for governments. An integrated and well targeted trade policy, as a tool for the materialization of development strategy objectives can, therefore, significantly contribute to enhancing the efficiency of government economic performance. Trade policy is a set of measures implemented by government in the area of trade. Comprehending the term trade policy needs the careful definition of... Read More

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Having the largest economic share of the country, the Industry, Mine, and Trade section of Iran has a vast interaction with other social, economic and political parts of the society. Hence, getting familiar with the current conditions, plans, and policies of the section could provide the addresses with a vivid picture of the position and capability of economy of the country.    To read more click here... Read More

Iran is among the Southeast Asian countries (Middle East) which neighbors Afghanistan and Pakistan in the East, Turkmenistan in the  Northeast, Azerbaijan and Armenia in the Northwest, and Turkey and Iraq in the West. With an area of more than 1648195 km2 this country accommodates more than 75 million people.  To read more click here... Read More

Nearly a year passed since eleventh government took office  and  now  it's  time  to  take  a  look  at  the  picture we have from IMIDRO's past, its current situation and perspective ahead. In fact, Mines and Mining Industries Development and Renovation Organization has established with the aim of development and founding basis of mine and mining industries sector progress and in early years of past decade, managed to emerge worthy of a development organization in steel, aluminum, copper, gold,... Read More

The list of Investment Priorities in the Industry, Mine, and Trade is codified according to the Ministry of Industry, Mine, and Trade Plans, and is accessible at the MIMT portal for the honorable investors. (www.mimt.gov.ir) The investing capabilities of the I.R. of Iran are specified on the basis of Mineral Resources, Oil, Gas, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Young Capable & Professional Human Resources and the factors such as Low Price Energy Resources, Middle Asia & Middle East potential mark... Read More

Roohallah Noori Abstract Despite the critical role of small and medium sized enterprises in economic development of Iran, they face difficulties such as problem of timely availability of working capital. As such, the main purpose of this study is to investigate roots and causes of this issue, as the most challenging problem of SMEs. So, this applied and descriptive study was done using qualitative data collection method and through selected managers in small and medium sized companies loca... Read More

Dr. Behnam Ghaffari  Abstract The Government and the Parliament, in recent years, have been seeking to replace the currently in force Commercial Act, because it is too old and does not meet today's needs. In this context, after many ups and downs, an Act entitled "the Commercial Bill" was approved by the Judicial and Legal Commission of the Parliament in January 2012. In April 2012, and according to Principle 85 of the Constitution of I.R. Iran, the Parliament agreed with the tentative a... Read More

Mitra Rahmani Abstract This research seeks to identify export and investment opportunities in the industrial sector of Iran by studying regional and global demand. By identifying regional (countries mentioned in the 20-Year Vision of I.R. Iran) and global demands and denoting imported goods with increasing share in 20 year period ending in 2010, as well as determining the potentials of export and production of Iran, we endeavored to highlight the goods that contribute to an active role of ... Read More

Samira Golkaran Moghaddam Abstract Throughout the recent decades, and in line with its policy of economic growth and development, Iran has been striving to increase its share in global trade. To this end, establishing new linkages and creating access to new markets can be very effective. For the identification of potential target markets, the potentials that these markets have for the exports of Iranian goods need to be identified. In this respect, due to lower transportation costs, region... Read More

Dr. Roohallah Noori   Abstract: There is Gap between the layers of government and firms of the packaging industry in Iran. Also, Iran has no activity in the international network of packaging industry. There is ambiguity in the main activities associated with policy making, management and monitoring of the packaging industry, institutions, and organizations related to these activities and mechanism of communication and interaction among them. This ambiguity and lack of integrity can be ... Read More

Bita Norouzi Abstract                                                                                                                                                                      One of the main results of this study, along with devising a scientific framework for formulating the guidelines for promoting halal food exports of Iran, is to provide some strategies and plans for growth processes in Iranian halal food exports. They are manifested to guide exporters of Iranian halal food... Read More

Dr. Ebrahim Ali Razini   Abstract: Copper plays a major role in the economic development of countries, and in fact, has a correlation with growth in industrial products. Thus, copper industry can also play an important role in the economic development and become a major source of foreign currency revenues of the country. This Study seeks to assess the competitiveness Iran's copper industry. In order to assess and calculate competitiveness, the unit cost (UC) ratio was used. This inde... Read More

Bahare Oryani Abstract The main purpose of this project is a futurological study of automotive industry in Iran emphasizing on passenger cars. A review on the evolution of the car industry global value chain showed that this industry has been moving toward integration and outsourcing. While, referring to the successful countries experience (such as India, China, Turkey) and unsuccessful countries (such as Russia), the best way to develop the car industry is joint venture investment contrac... Read More

Forough Mostafa Montaqami Abstract   This study surveys the laws and regulations related to a commercial advertisement in Iran, the USA, and Turkey. The main objective of this study is doing a research in order to present some recommendations to modify the text of Iran's "Draft Act on Commercial Advertisement”. The Draft Act is also analyzed in this research. The approaches of selected international institutions and organizations to the commercial advertisement are surveyed as well. The fi... Read More

Dr. Alireza Garshasbi  Abstract The imports of goods and services have a critical role in continuing production, market regulation, and exports in Iran. Facilitation of imports, therefore, decreases economic costs of the country. The intensification of economic sanctions in the period 2010-2012 reduced oil revenues and stopped services related to trade. The Central Bank of Iran was also sanctioned. The result was a shortage of foreign exchange supplies, an increase in foreign exchange rates,... Read More

Elnaz Miandoabchi Abstract      Foreign Trade is among the fundamental elements of a country’s economy. One of government responsibilities in this respect is to provide the conditions for fast, efficient and costly trade transactions. The efficiency of a trade transaction depends on various factors which contribute to the exchange of goods, information and money. These factors comprise a wide spectrum of policies, regulations, services such as transportation and logistics, insurance, banking... Read More

Rezvan Aghamirzaee Abstract One of the principles of programming in any system is designing programs based on the objectives envisaged in the system. In economic planning, the success of economic policies depends on full coordination among commercial, industrial, monetary, fiscal and foreign exchange policies and objectives. As the Government is soon going to start formulating the Sixth Development Plan, and due to the dramatic changes that the world economy witnessed in the past decade and... Read More

Ahmad Tashkini   Abstract The aim of this research is to analyze economic effects of credit policies on major economic sectors in Iran’s Economy, emphasizing on industry and mining sectors.  To do so, we employed three methodological approaches: descriptive statistical analysis of macroeconomic data; taking expert opinions; and an econometric system of equations using the seemingly unrelated regression method for annual data in the period 1973-2012. Our results show that especially in man... Read More

Iran' Auto Industry has strong backward linkage with the other economic sectors. It is ranked as the 2nd industry in terms of backward linkages (out of 23 manufacturing industry). Therefore, the automotive industry can be regarded as one of the key industrial growth movers in Iran.   Click here to download: Iran’s Automotive Industry: Opportunities & Challenges ahead... Read More

Abstract This study tries to identify main reasons to make business owners to quit business licenses permits in their enterprises (businesses) in our country and whether these reasons are related to rules or administrative process,.So one of the main purposes of this study is that what are these factors? Other part of this study considers governmental policies and macroeconomic decisions which are taken by policy makers and the impacts of these policies on reaction of business owners to get b... Read More

Brands of products and servises are one of the most important factors affecting the success of manufacturing and service companies. Brand can be studied from different angles, the most unique aspect of brand from its identity. So, the aim of this study was identifying  the major factors affecting brand identity and consequences of it. This research, in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of nature is survey. Statiscal community of peresent study was the Etka Chain Stores of Hamadan customer... Read More

In recent decades Iran's economic development policy has been to add to  its share of world trade. Therefore, the establishment of new possibilits of developing bilateral or multilateral trade relations of Iran with other countries and identifying opportunities and setting priorities for the development of trade relations with these countries is targeted. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of expanding trade relations with South Asian countries. These countries include Af... Read More

As electronic banking emerges as a new service in banking, the quality of electronic services becomes an important competitive advantage in banking and has a direct effect on customer satisfaction. This research investigates the effect of internet banking services quality aspects on customer satisfaction of Refah Bank in Tehran. Research hypothesizes Test the effect of fulfillment, information security, system accessibility and ease of use on customer satisfaction in Refah Bank of Tehran. Statis... Read More

This research aims to investigate the impact of working capital policy on stock price crash risk during 1388-92. To test the research’s hypotheses, the Logistic regression and correlation coefficient and also t-test and to data analysis and testing the research’s hypotheses, the EVIEWS software are used. The results suggest that the company management can, by using various strategies related to working capital, affect the company's liquidity and these strategies can affect the risk and ret... Read More

Applying methods of branding in oil and related industries amounts to a better recognition of Iran’s petroleum industry and creation of a positive image of it, inside and outside of the country; and by global branding and increasing confidence in consumers and financers will increase the rate of domestic and foreign financings. An endeavor to make universal brands in petroleum industry and to gain the ground  in reaching such an advantage could encourage and underline economic growth and develop... Read More

Recognizing the potential of a country's exports is important for exporting. So the identification of goods comparative advantages in the country is necessary and can cause to access competitive advantage of products in the global level. In this article, index of competitive advantage in the export of natural honey in the country for 2009-2013 are calculated. For this purpose, the index of Unit Cost (UC) and constant market share (CMS) are computed. Iran has competitive advantage in productio... Read More

This paper studies the liberalization commitments on trade in construction and related engineering services of countries acceded to the WTO. For this purpose, the degree of trade liberalization commitments on the construction and related eengineering services of these countries have been estimated. According to the findings based on the experiences, a number of scenarios have been presented for Iran’s construction and related eengineering services liberalization commitments in its process of WTO... Read More

The word “memetic” derived from “mimic” that means imitation. Acording to memetic, attitudes, behaviors, thoughts, and beliefs, as well as viruses can be transmitted from one person to another. It is an idea, a thought, or a concept which can be passed between minds. It can be anything from a catchy tune you adopt unwittingly, which you keep humming subconsciously through slogan from a commercial, to intricate and abstract ideas of grand design or the Big Bang. All of these have been passed into... Read More

One way to modernize product distribution system is to develop large and chain stores  which will not happen without spending high costs and   having specialized knowledge. Using the capacity of foreign investors is an approach to accelerate reaching developmental goals. The purpose of this article is to study foreign investment especially joint investment in developing large and chain stores. Results show that despite country's demand to develop such stores, Iran is not ranked among the first 3... Read More

Iran is mainly an exporter of medium- technology industrial goods in two groups: lower medium and upper medium. They account for about two thirds of country's whole exports. In the meantime, it is a big importer of industrial goods with upper medium technology which account for about one third of country's whole imports. There are no significant relationships between technology level and tariff rates but there is a direct relationship between tariff rates and import shares in different technolog... Read More

One of effective elements in finding the appropriate outward oriented strategies for every country is the comparative advantage in the production and exports of goods (Manufacturing Industries). In this regard, numerous measures have been taken by economists to measure comparative advantage of countries. This paper addresses the comparative advantage of Iranian Aluminum Industry based on Domestic Resource Cost Method (on the basis of Industrial Accounts). Due to taking advantage of up-to-date, s... Read More

Today, despite widespread presence of low-quality goods in many markets and that many producers have the ability to improve the quality of their product, but They are reluctant to improve their quality. This article uses information economy to identify the reasons for this and tries to eliminate them and to improve the quality of products. The results show that information asymmetry in the market is a major reason for the widespread presence of low quality products on the market. According to Th... Read More

This study aimed to determine the relationship between the growth rate of the stock price index and a set of macroeconomic variables such as inflation, exchange rate growth, liquidity and economic growth. In this study, quarterly data for the period 1371-1388 using a Vector Auto Regression model, have been analyzed. The results suggest that long-term equilibrium relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock price index was significant and the shocks of inflation and exchange rates have ... Read More

Abstract This study was conducted to present a comprehensive model for the commercialization of university research. For this purpose, the exploratory and comparative approach was used to study and review of the literature to identify activities and commercialization process steps and the most important factors were recognized that affecting commercialization. Then, each recognized factors are classified based on Tri-Category (3c) theory in three categories: context, structure and content and... Read More

Abstract The new international economic theories indicate that the business cycles co-movements are important in order to develop regional trade agreement (RTA), in particular optimal currency area (OCA). This paper investigates the major determinants of Dynamic Business Cycle Co-movements in Iran with other ECO countries introducing a new and dynamic cross correlation index, during 1993-2012 and using System GMM methods. The results show that an increase of trade and financial transaction... Read More

Abstract Service trade has a key role in structure variation of world economy in recent years, and it has an increasing share in the total world trade. In recent decades, most of both developed and developing countries paid attention to services trade liberalization  due to the effects that it has on productivity and job creation. In this study we employ panel data by using data from 1995 to 2009 for a set of 21 developing countries in an attempt to investigate the impact of services trade li... Read More

Abstract Collaboration between firms that are operating in manufacturing industries is inevitable for various reasons. Nevertheless, this partnership is not always successful. One of the most important reasons for this is the lack of interoperability between them. Interoperability is discussed at different levels and several indicators are included. In the past, interoperability has been discussed greatly in the field of information technologies, but now it is also discussed from organization... Read More

Legislation is considered as an important factor in progress of electronic marketing. Since E-Marketing reduces the costs of advertisements and marketing, it has considerable importance. Electronic marketing is one of the methods of FCR. However, enterprises will not be persuaded to e-marketing unless the digital environment of e-marketing is technically and legally safe. A part of this obligation should be performed by Law. Since this important issue has not been studied in Iranian legal litera... Read More

Tourism is a multidisciplinary activity that involves several activities and need various skills, hence, its benefits can spread over to other sectors of the economy. This paper investigates the relationship between tourism expenditures and value added of agricultural, manufacturing and services sectors for developing countries during 1995-2011, using P-VECM and FMOLS methods. The results of Granger causality test in P-VECM framework indicate that there is no short-run causality link between tou... Read More

Public concerns regarding environmental consequences of globalization and increasing economic activities, both have been very important in international relations since 1980s. This paper compares the environmental impacts of economic globalization between developed and developing countries, using panel data model for the period 2005-2011. This article used new composite environmental sustainability index FEEM. Results indicate that the impact of economic globalization on environmental sustainabi... Read More

In this study, the relationship between market power and industry-level competition with earnings sustainability were investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the market power and industry-level competition and earnings sustainability in listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve this goal, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, Lerner and Adjusted Lerner index as competition measures were considered. Our sample consists of 155 firms for the period 1386 to 1391. In additio... Read More

One of the most widespread tools of payment in the international contract is to pay for documentary credits. Because it provides for the parties to the transaction the greatest guarantee and the numerous risk of the international transaction will be decreased due to the existence of independent character of documentary credits in this kind of payment. According to this feature opener of credit have to perform their obligation to the payment of documentary credit money and the objections relating... Read More

Abstract Copper consumption is highly correlated with industrial production and exports of copper generates substantial foreign exchange. Thus, the competitiveness of this  industry is important to evaluate this matter, unit cost indicators were used to show domestic and export competitiveness and comparative advantage of the industry. The effects of targeting subsidies and the increase in exchange rato were also simulated.... Read More

Abstract Oil is one of the main revenue resource and the fundamental input in production process in oil exporting countries; so that oil price fluctuations can cause instability in the key macroeconomic variables in an oil-rich country like Iran. In this paper, to investigate the effect of oil price shocks on the macroeconomic variables of Iran, a Multi Sectors Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model, with emphasis on optimization of oil sector as a producing sector and considering the s... Read More

Improving economic growth and study the factors affecting production has been one of the main concerns of economists in any period of time, especially in recent  decades. Recently, improving the relationship between people and reduce the  possibility of conflicts in human relations have been considered by institutional economists. Having desirable economic growth has been one of precedences any economic regime. In order to achieve this goal, economists have tried determining effective factors on... Read More

Abstract Trade marks have basically come into view following the boom in commercial transactions and competition among enterprises and companies. It is claimed that domestic and foreign protections of the trademarks play significant roles in the economic improvement and development of countries. However, research has shown that in Iran, there are some shortcomings in the legal protection of trademarks. The obstacles to legal protection of trade marks involve: lack of specialized courts on tra... Read More

Abstract The new bill of trade act has allowed the establishment of one man`s company in the form of limited company. These companies may look contrary to the rules governing the corporation contract. Is this in line with needs of trade activists and how can such  companies be compared to corporation contracts is the subject of this article. We also look at the company act of India and China. Meaning, history and the way of  founding and managing these companies and legal bases of these compa... Read More

Variations of exchange rates play an important role on the policies and pricing strategies of Iranian exporters in international markets. Therefore, for the total sample of 48 market destinations during the period 1992-2012, assessment of the degree of pricing to market is the main purpose of this study. In order to determine the factors affecting the Iranian export price, we use the advanced dynamic panel data methods (such as pooled mean group, the system generalized method of moments and the ... Read More

Abstract   Commercial documents in opposition to civil documents whose credit is dependent on the validity of legal relation have principally an independent existence from the transactions and basic relations and are dependent on theirselves. On this basis, the credit and commercial documents values are separate from the basic relations that are the cause of their creation. The separation character of commercial documents is applicable on the separation of legal relation causing the docume... Read More

Due to ineffectiveness of state owned enterprises, privatization is considered as a proper economic policy of many countries. No doubt for a successful privatization, along with the economic aspects, understanding the legal aspects of privatization is important. One of the issues, is capability of privatization of public domain. Public domain is inalienable. Now the question is whether or not state can transfer public domain to private sector? Therefore, this article is based on comparative-anal... Read More

In competitive conditions of the market to obtain a suitable position in customers' minds in a way that they are loyal to the company is important. Brand associations play a significant role in today's marketing plans of corporations and have also received a great deal of attention across various marketing and consumer researches. The goal of this thesis is to elicit core and first-order brand associations from policy holder`s (customers) of Mellat Insurance Company using Brand Concept Maps (BCM... Read More

The legal system over trademarks has continually been trying to prevent any breach of trade marks by providing preparatory measures. The fair use doctrine on the introduction of following goods and service is of the exceptions related to use of trademark. Based on this doctrine, the trademark of third party is used to introduce its following goods and service or to comment, criticize or praise the owner of that trademark. Such a use necessitates compliance with some conditions in which non-compl... Read More

The role of knowledge and component of the knowledge-based in economic activities in order to achieve continuous and sustainable economic growth and development are of particular importance. So, the factors determining the knowledge spillovers are important. Hence, the present study using panel data approach; evaluates the effect of governance and intellectual property right on knowledge spillovers (the channel of imports and foreign direct investment) in selected developing during the period 20... Read More

In the current competitive world, countries which use new instruments in order to facilitate commercial activities in terms of speed and cost; are more successful. One of these innovative instruments is “Commercial Single Window’ that gives merchants the opportunity to refer to one single unit instead of being obliged to refer to various related units in export and import industry for filling the required uniform  forms. This instrument makes import or export of goods less expensive and less tim... Read More

This research aims to evaluate the impacts of macro factors of inflation and real effective exchange rate along with resource productivity, number of staff, raw material importation, exportation of industrial items, and capital on value added of industries. In order to achieve this goal, a system model is utilized and calculated in panel data method by help of simultaneous equation. data is extracted from nine main subsectors of Iran industries during 1370 to 1390. It is observed that real effec... Read More

Reusing, recycling and recovering parts and materials have recently gained a lot of attentions. This paper deals with a closed-loop supply chain management. After literature review, a comprehensive model which avoids their short comings is presented. Then, to evalute the model, car battey recycling center with a closed-loop supply chain with a ten years period was chosen as a case study. The results were approved by experts.... Read More

The main purpose of this study is to assess the impact of economic sanctions on composition of major trade partners of Iran (1992-2013). For this purpose, sanctions have been divided into limited, moderate and extensive sanctions based on the scales provided by Hufbauer and presented by two dummy variables in the model. Then, the impact of this dummy variables along with other variables in the model's share of trade with partners have been estimated by Panel data analysis. The model structure of... Read More

In recent years, information and communication technology has been introduced as one of the most important economic and industrial development factors in countries and especially high-tech industries. It was highly effective in promoting and growth of industry and for overtaking other competitors in the global business area. Therefore, according to the importance of information and communication of technology (ICT), in development of industries trade, it is necessary to analyze the role of it in... Read More

Objective: Consumer purchase intention depends on the probability of meeting his expectation but while buying under time pressure; it depends on Point of Sales (POS) communications. Packaging is one of the most important factors influencing consumer decisions in POS. This research aims to investigate the effect of Islamic symbols in food packaging on purchase intention of Muslim consumers. Method: This research is applied by objective and descriptive-survey by nature and method. Gathered dat... Read More

Trademark law consists of legal and specially economic foundations. Thus, the requirement of related judgments is the awareness of its foundations. The aim of trademark law is  facilitating of trade in market and achieving of economic efficiency ,beside the consideration of moral normative. So it's important that the consequence of judgment accords with the ambition of trademark law. Nonetheless, nowadays to what extent judgments are based on foundations? Theses day to what extent judgments fulf... Read More

Today, commercial enterprises have to interact with global markets in order to keep ahead of the competition. Basically, to reduce the national dependence on oil and gas exports, indeed we need meticulous attention to non-oil exports in Iran. The current study intends to prioritize the target markets of Iran’s pistachio by using qualitative and quantitative factors. The quantitative indices are derived from each target market through FAO and TRADEMAP statistical reports. The quality indicators i... Read More

The purpose of this paper was to estimate the cost function and the inputs share function of the Refah Bank using 1990-2010 data, and to calculate own and cross price elasticities of inputs. The results show that inputs of the Refah Bank are substitutes for each other and the cross elasticity of physical capital and manpower exceeds that of manpower and physical capital. The results also reveal that Refah Bank enjoys increasing return in expanding its activities.... Read More

Nowadays, in accordance with  multiplicity and unpredictability of commercial and non-commercial risks in international trde field, providing security  in international commercial contracts has gained significant importance. Contracts which provide guarantee in international trade field, by regarding these two necessities , have the responsibility of providing guarantee and security in all types of international commercial contracts with each of them due to specific qualities  and merchants's re... Read More

Shata reporting from IRNA-  In an address during the opening ceremony of the center which was attended by more than 100 business people from Iran and Germany, Mr. Mohammad Reza Nematzadeh said that the center could be a good point of start for revival of cooperation between Iran and Germany. He added, “We have had good trade ties with Germany in the past and the volume of our trade transactions stood at 7-8 billion Euros before the sanctions.”  He went on to say,  "now with the nuclear deal whi... Read More

SHATA News Agency – In a meeting with director of advisors committee of international research and development section of China's social science academy, Mohammad Reza Nematzadeh said that in the new area the level of cooperation between Iran and China will not decrease but will sure increase and with the blend of capabilities two sides can synergize their capacities in a proper manner. Referring to the two sides' willingness to benefit from each other's markets, he said I.R. Iran stands as the ... Read More

Final contract for joint venture production of three products signed with Peugeot at the presence of Iran's minister of industry, trade and mine  According to Shata News agency, the contract was signed by managing director of Iran Khodro, Hashem Yekke-Zare, and deputy managing director of Peugeot-Citroen company, Jean-Christophe Quemard to coproduce three products of 208, 301 and 2008, of which the 2008 will then be introduced to market from February 2017. This model will be offered at a pric... Read More

Minister of industry, mine and trade met with Russian minister of economic development in 20th Russian large economic forum in St. Petersburg Shata reporting from IRIB news agency; Minister of industry, mine and trade, Mohammad Reza Nematzadeh met with Russian minister of economic development. In this meeting which happened during the 20th Russian economic forum in Saint Petersburg, the two sides emphasized on removal of barriers for expansion transactions between Iranian-Russian major banks ... Read More

Abstract After finalizing the JCPOA working framework with the world powers in July, given the critical role of global economic integration in Iran’s new economic strategy, finalizing WTO membership has become a top priority for the Iranian government. As the largest non-member economy in the world, Iran’s full membership will be a win-win situation for the global economy. Iran applied for WTO membership in July 1996, but progress has been glacial. The WTO only began to consider its membershi... Read More

Abstract With accelerated growth of international trade and increasing inclination toward trade liberalization and open economic policies in the past decade, the importance of formulating a comprehensive trade policy package cannot be overemphasized. However, for years, Iranian policymakers have neglected the need for a comprehensive document, which would detail Iranian trade policies in different sectors and explain how they relate to other policy goals of the country such as industrial and ... Read More

Abstract Global trends indicate that industries affiliated with the healthcare technology, with a net profit margin of %21, ranked among the most profitable industries in 2015. The aging population in the developed countries, increasing healthcare expenditure and technology improvements are among the major contributors to this trend. Iran, as a developing economy, has ambitions to transform itself into a knowledge-based economy and Iranian policymakers are trying to find knowledge-intensive i... Read More

Abstract Three main categories of Iranian petrochemical industries, upstream, mid-stream and downstream, exhibit extremely different behavior in terms of their added-value, employment, product diversification and technological development. It is soundly established in ITSR’s previous studies that moving down the petrochemical supply chain, positive impacts of aforementioned variables are reinforced. However, Iranian petrochemical policies have mainly focused on developing upstream projects, g... Read More

Abstract The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the theory of Purchasing Power Parity for Iran during 1339-1391. In order to do this, Zivot-Andrews and Lee Strazicich unit root tests, which take the possibility of structural breaks into consideration, have been used. According to the results, the null hypothesis of Zivot-Andrews and Lee Strazicich unit root tests for the real exchange rate, i.e. there exists unit root, could not be rejected, and thus, it cannot be concluded t... Read More

Abstract In recent years organizations for a stay in the competition and obtain customers satisfaction has paid more attention to the supply chain. However now the competition isn't between companies but this competition is between their supply chains. Now choosing suitable supplier as one of the components of the supply chain is a strategic success key. In this paper, we identify the most important criteria and check whether this criterion is general? And can include all aspects of choosing... Read More

Abstract Gaining and sustaining the competitive advantage in today turbulent environment is an obsession of corporate managers. Manufacturing firms while investing in R & D, worry about the innovations driven by these researchers and their effect on the firm’s position in the market. In other words, the balance between innovation exploration and innovation exploitation (innovation ambidexterity) and its effect on firm’s competitive advantage is an important question of such firms. What is mis... Read More

Abstract Bankruptcy is such a problem that, especially in countries based on the free market economy, is growing nowadays, and naturally confronting with this problem, particularly in widespread bankruptcies of commercial companies, is necessary. One of the solutions to deal with the negative effects of bankruptcy is the prevention of its occurrence, which, as preventive bankruptcy, has been considered by national and international organizations. In this regard, the measures were taken by t... Read More

Abstract Despite the extent of international trade barriers, direct measurement of trade barriers and trade costs for large numbers of countries in long periods is hardly possible in practice due to severe data limitations. To avoid this problem, present study introduces a micro-founded measure of aggregate bilateral trade costs and as a practical application computes bilateral trade costs for a number of Iran's major export trading partners. Based on results, over 1995 to 2010, Iran's trade ... Read More

Effects of exchange rate on pricing chain are a challenging issue in the Iranian economy. Depending on the extent to which every price may be affected, changes in the exchange rate can have impacts on relative prices. In this paper, we have examined the effects of changes in the exchange rate on pricing chain. To assess exchange rate pass-through in pricing chain, we have used time series data for 1990:2-2007:1. Our results show that exchange rate pass-through in pricing chain is "imperfect" suc... Read More

Regionalism is a prerequisite for trade liberalization and results in economic and monetary cooperation and leads to political and security convergence in the advanced stages. In recent years, the effectiveness of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) in the process of regionalism has aroused a great deal of interest in both academic and political circles. The main objective of this paper is to examine the economic convergence among 10 members of Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) in ... Read More

Abstract The project explores the policy space available for Iranian Mines and Mining Industries Development and Renovation Organization (IMIDRO) to formulate competitiveness-enhancing solutions for Iranian mining industry.... Read More

Abstract Cheap credit is considered to be the main determinant of growth in these sectors. Therefore strengthening development banks, harnessing inflation and avoiding substitution effects between resources from public and private investors, are recommended. ​​... Read More

Abstract Legal and administrative challenges, along with nascent investments in infrastructure and business organization have hindered the emergence of flourishing businesses in border-based trade terminals, except for those with a focus on low-end services.... Read More

Abstract Steel and pharmaceutical industries were investigated to define the potential candidates for mergers, along with a comprehensive  analysis of legal and organizational challenges of implementing such initiatives. A policy  package is proposed to facilitate mergers in these two industries... Read More

Abstract The absence of bilateral free-trade agreements is the main obstacle in expanding Iranian products in these markets.  Moreover, coordination of political and trade diplomacy could prepare the ground for long-term and prosperous trade relations.... Read More

Abstract The Iranian retail market is dominated by small and traditional micro-retailers. The productivity costs of this structure  could not be neglected, especially given the costs it imposes on the end consumer. This research explores pragmatic models to scale up these small retailers.... Read More

Economic Diplomacy is a new concept yet to be dealt with in detail in the political-economy-related literature in Iran, lacking the required theoretical frameworks. Studying and learning from conceptualizations, strategies, and operational programs in countries well advanced in this area can contribute to the development of new concepts and approaches and planning in the area of economic diplomacy in Iran. France is among countries that have in recent years taken new initiatives in its economic ... Read More

The first step of targeted subsidy reform was implemented in the late of 1389. The main purpose of this was to reform the price regime, optimal allocations of resources and proper redistribution of subsidy. The first step faced with shortcomings and successes which considering them has a vital role in the most effective implementation of the next steps. Price increases, distributing the resources among household, support the manufacturing sector and the government interventions are the main issu... Read More

Applying Balance Sheet Approach, the effects of exchange rate appreciation on the financial stability of banking sector is investigated during 1380-1388. In balance sheet approach, Net Financial Position (NFP) Index is used to measure financial stability. This index equals financial assets minus financial liabilities divided by total assets. To test the effect of exchange rate appreciation, NFP index is calculated after exchange rate appreciation. Results show that due to the low financial relat... Read More

The sanction against Iran in 2010-2012 intensified, oil exchange revenue collapsed and services to import sector stopped and Central Bank of Iran sanctioned. So, the exchange rate fluctuation was an important result of those sanctions. In that period, Exchange Transaction Center and allocating exchange at ten priority system were the most important public policy of the government to deal with sanctions. The role of Exchange Transaction Center on sanctions impacts management in import sector is t... Read More

This paper argues that Iran shall consider the issue of accession to the WTO in the context of international competitiveness of Iranian firms. To look for lessons from other successful countries, it suggests that Iran shall strengthen its domestic economic base, and implement several domestic reforms to enjoy a fruitful accession. In other words, Iranian policymakers shall follow the accession plan with the aim of the favorable business system as well as strengthen competitiveness of Iranian fir... Read More

In today’s world markets are highly competitive and customers are the focus of companies. In consumer markets, brands are the main points of differentiation between the competitive presentations. The increase in the value of the brand in the minds of customers means the company can gain greater benefits in its shadow. Brand equity is one of the assets that retains the value of the company and lead to customer loyalty. Hence it is critical for the success of the company. The purpose of this study... Read More

One of the common criteria for applying the international conventions is that the place of business is located in the member states. UNCITRAL Electronic Communication Convention (2005) the last codified document in electronic commerce while does not provide a definition from the place of business; states that the places of business are located in different states and without the necessity of its membership in the convention as a measure of the ability to apply it. Place of business which means a... Read More

This paper studies the liberalization commitments on trade in telecommunication services of countries acceded to the WTO. For this purpose, the degree of trade liberalization commitments on the telecommunication services of these countries has been estimated. According to the findings based on the experiences, a number of scenarios have been presented for Iran’s telecommunication services liberalization commitments in its process of WTO accession.... Read More

Financial organizations , particularly banks  as main resources of finance transactions  moreover canals for payments play an  important  role in country’ s  economic development  and growth.  In addition to the outstanding economic importance of banks, drastically competitive business environment also highlight the significance of implementation such systems which enhancing efficiency of banks besides continually banks performance measurement in order to modifying activities and monitoring fina... Read More

The aim of this paper is Analyzing competitive power of now – oil exports of Iran in Russian Market and determining the factors affecting There exports. Russian, a first gas exporting country and second oil exporting come in 2012, due to huge income, becomes a very great Markets for the variety of consumable goods. The volume of foreign trade of Russia is now about US$ 900 billion. The trade relations of Iran and Russia, in combination with high growth in consumption goods in future, a Live the ... Read More

One of the important issues in transportation and logistics systems is vehicle routing problem (VRP). On the other hand, as a result of the increasing environmental concerns, economic problems and pressure of laws, green logistics (GL) and reverse logistics (RL) have received increasing attention during recent years. In this regard, the present study introduced a vehicle routing problem in reverse logistics with the split demand of costumers and fuel consumption optimization. For this problem, a... Read More

Companies with the high position in brand equity brand in the minds of customers can easily be seen more profitable among other companies in their industry. This study focused on the relationship between advertising and sales promotion (monetary or otherwise) and their effect on building brand equity and its various aspects.  The research examined on a range of views about advertising and attitudes of people about softlan brand in Tehran malls. For this purpose, a questionnaire validated by ex... Read More

Stone industry in recent years has been able to demonstrate their potential to create jobs and wealth. Although many work  extraction, processing and sale of stone and foreign stone market, but taken by the private sector of the last three decades, has been gradually increasing internal and external growth. The quality of some of the stones in the world market, not least if you had no rival’s competitor. Easy access to the global markets closes advantage of Iran. However, existing mining, proces... Read More

This paper studies the liberalization commitments on trade in post and courier services of countries acceded to the WTO. For this purpose, the degree of trade liberalization commitments on the post and courier services of these countries has been estimated. According to the findings based on the experiences, a number of scenarios have been presented for Iran’s post and courier services liberalization commitments in its process of WTO accession.... Read More

The constant presence in international markets, especially in developing countries, is of vital importance given the role of exports in creating jobs and providing foreign currency for importers. Accuracy in making favorable decisions and appropriate supportive policies at different levels is essential given the complexity of growing competition; the purpose of these policies is to improve firms export performance or stimulate them to start export activities. This study aims to analyze the infl... Read More

Nowadays, IPRs are one of the main and essential issues of all countries.  Since IPRs interact closely with important issues such as human rights, public health, agriculture, education, trade, industrial policies, biodiversity management, biotechnology, information technology, and the media; they play a critical role and require special attention. Undoubtedly, protecting IPRs affect all human development aspects; therefore, they must be seriously considered when adopting related policies. Protec... Read More

The environment has gotten the main concern of people with the increase in customer awareness and knowledge of social welfare. The importance of environment, increase in laws and regulations, intense competition between organizations and the pressure of public have forced companies not only to pay attention to sales and profit but also to the environment and customers' health. Companies can survive that pay attention to their social missions. For this reason, this paper investigates the effect o... Read More

Export performance is one of the issues that are studied but still there is no complete and correct understanding. To some extent this problem can be ascribed to difficulties in conceptualizing, operationalizing, and measuring the export performance construct, often leading to inconsistent and conflicting results. In this paper, more than 75 domestic and international measurement of export performance, which was published between 1998 and 2015 were reviewed. The results of this study have shown ... Read More

The aim of present research is to study the relationship between advertising via short message and brand equity dimensions in Mellat insurance agencies in Mashhad. To achieve this goal by cluster sampling with allocation in accordance, two agents were  chosen in different places with different cultural conditions and income in Mashhad and the sample has been chosen within their customer. The research according to the goal is the applicable method and based on collecting data as a description and... Read More

Terms of Trade (TOT) can be interpreted as the amount of import goods that an economy can purchase per unit of export goods. The raw materials form a part of Iran's export goods and the gross capital formation of Iran is partially provided by the import capital goods, as well. This article has examined TOT between Iranian export of raw materials and import of capital goods during 1388-92. The results show TOT is deeply worsen for Iran in years 1391 and 1392.... Read More

Economists believe that large part of the gross national income resulti from small and medium enterprises. In our country this industry has substantial contribution to economic growth. The majority of firms in the valves  industry that current research focus on it are classified in small and medium enterprises, and in recent years there has been significant growth in this part. The ability of manufacturers of pipes to compete in domestic and international arena has led to greatly increased domes... Read More

The merger between enterprises is one of the common ways among the firms in order to increase company size, development activities, perform a variety of savings, decrease costs and improve efficiency and synergy. For this reason, some developing countries have prepared programs to encourage firms to merge together with the purpose of increasing the size of its domestic firms and improving their international competitiveness in the face of some developed countries' large firms. However, the inte... Read More

The European Union and the United States on both sides of the Atlantic are seeking free trade agreement. The purpose of this Agreement is to resolve economic problems and to reduce the unemployment rate. Iran is one of the EU's trading partners, hence it will be affected by this FTA. This paper estimates the effects. The results show that the static trade diversion effect will be 2.4 million Dollars. The list of goods threatened is also presented.... Read More

The environment has gained the main concern of people with the increase in customer awareness and knowledge of social welfare. The importance of environment, increase in laws and regulations, intense competition between organizations and the pressure of  the public have forced companies not only to pay attention to sales and profit but also to the environment and customers' health. Companies that pay attention to their social missions can survive. For this reason, this paper investigates the eff... Read More

The main purpose of this article is to provide operational strategies in order to empower employees in distribution companies in Iran. The results show due to the low cost of training and research and development in these companies, the small share of professionally educated employees, low share of a computer using employees, low share of companies using barcode reader devices are the most common problems of human resources in these companies. Therefore we can consider enhancing professional and... Read More

This study examines the relation between entrepreneurial orientation and brand orientation in industrial small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the extent to which the two contribute to business growth in emerging markets. The authors develop and empirically test a structural model using data collected from Hungary, a country that has undergone a political and economic transition during the past two decades since the fall of the iron curtain. The results show that entrepreneurial orientat... Read More

This paper studies the liberalization commitments on trade in tourism and travel related services of countries acceded to the WTO. For this purpose, the degree of trade liberalization commitments on the tourism travel related services of these countries has been estimated. According to the findings based on the experiences, a number of scenarios have been presented for Iran’s tourism and travel related services liberalization commitments in its process of WTO accession. Moreover, based on the po... Read More

Due to the present bottlenecks in Iran’s electricity industry, such as energy inefficiency, the absence of active private sector, and …, restructuring of this industry is considered inevitable. The purpose of this paper is to show that small – scale power plants with 25 megawatts capacity is both feasible and more efficient. In addition, due to the limited capital requirement, it has a good chance of attracting private investments and making the market more competitive.... Read More

High-level Symposium on Industrial and Trade Policies: Promoting Exports and Developing Employment in Iran Tehran—10th and 11th of October 2015   Objectives and Topics The event will facilitate frank and open high-level discussions on the need for a package of industrial and trade policies complementary to the macroeconomic measures adopted by the government that can ensure longer-term, export-oriented, and pro-employment growth in Iran. It is specifically hoped that internatio... Read More

The 2nd International Conference on "Economic Integration among OIC Member States, Opportunities and Challenges"   Conference Objective:      Evaluate Opportunities and challenges facing Islamic countries to deepening Economic and Trade Conference Topics: Recent world economic and financial crisis: Impacts and lessons for Islamic economies. Existing economic and trade arrangements (ECO, D8, PGCC, ESCWA,...) : current impacts, potentials and barriers. Prospects for deepening... Read More

It is generally agreed by theoreticians and experts that there is a strong interrelationship among industrial, trade and technology policies and that the formulation and implementation of one will be inefficient, without taking account of the characteristics, opportunities and limitations of the other two. However, authorities and organizations in charge of these policies in Iran act separately, and at times their policies lack the necessary integration and coordination. Based on the official di... Read More

Due to its special geographical position, Iran is endowed with considerable capabilities in its mining sector, which has some 50 billion tons of mineral reserves with 67 kinds of minerals. The significance of the mining sector in Iran's economy is because it provides raw material to mining industries. It generates the highest value added in raw materials sector of the Iranian economy. The close relationship between mining sector and mining industries is rooted in the crucial importance mineral r... Read More

During the recent years, and despite the growing global trend in the adoption of competition laws, the merger of several Japanese, American and European firms to further benefit from economies of scale and also to compensate reduced profits caused by international competition, has been in the limelight of world competition economics. Enhancing competitiveness of the domestic enterprises in the path towards joining WTO has been another motivation for industrial enterprises to merger. Given the Pr... Read More

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Foreign investors in Iran enjoy the same supports and privileges that are offered to the Iranian investors. In this connection, the Direct Taxation Law passed in 1987 and the following amendments have considered no discrimination in taxation of domestic and foreign investors. This means both Iranian and foreign investor pay the same amount of taxes. Tax exemptions and discounts are also equally granted to domestic and foreign investors. Download... Read More

Iran is a country of dynamic economy, where the east meets the west by a modern connection network. Iran is an important constituents of the ancient Silk Road. The country has an extremely advantageous position between Asia and Europe, between the Mediterranean, the Caspian and the black seas playing an important role in international trade. With a business environment ideal for investment, as well as its young and qualified workforce, Iran is the best choice for your investment. Downlo... Read More

While having cemented itself as a prime investment destination on the apex of major trade routes, the Iranian economy is in a transition period that is expected to lead to renewed  growth rates and long-term self-sufficiency under the fifth Five-Year Development Plan (FYDP), a part of Vision 2025. After GDP growth of 7.3% in 2010, a slowdown into 2011 to 5% is mainly attributable to  hydrocarbon export routes shifting away from  Europe. While a high price of oil per barrel has kept things tic... Read More

In 1393 (2014/15), the second year after the 11th government of hope and prudence got  elected, the adoption of economic policies  aimed at non-inflationary exit from the deep recession and the tightly disciplined monetary  and financial policies stabilized  macroeconomic conditions of Iran. Moreover, the initial positive outcome of Iran negotiation with P5+1 countries on nuclear issue and the optimistic views on the ultimate agreement with P5+1 strengthened  economic recovery. Download... Read More

Key Economic Indicators in 1394   Download... Read More

Kish Trade-industrial Free Zone Geographical location Kish Island has a surface area of 90 square kilometers, with an outer boundary of 40 kms, and a nearly elliptical shape. It is located in the Persian Gulf 19 kms from mainland Iran. The Island is positioned along the 1359km long Iranian north of the Persian Gulf, at the first quarter from the Hormuz entrance to the Gulf.  Its longitudinal and latitudinal positions are 2632 and 53.58 degrees respectively. Download... Read More

After nearly 48 years, the new law on foreign investment in Iran under the name of "foreign Investment promotion and protection Act" (FIPPA) was ratified by the parliament in 2002. FIPPA replaced the "Law for the Attraction and Protection of Foreign Investment"(LAPFI) which was in effect since 1955. FIPPA's replacement of LAPFI has further enhanced the legal framework and operational environment for foreign investors in Iran. Download... Read More

Import Duties The import duties mentioned in the tables of export/import  rules and regulations includes the base value of products and  the trade profit. Base Value  Customs duties, taxes, registration charges, all types of tolls and  surcharges collected from the imported merchandise will be  collected to form 4% of the customs value of the commodities.  The collection of these charges plus trade benefit that is determined by the Cabinet of Ministers is called import duties Download... Read More

Foreign Investor will first have to identify and choose  the investment project. Different ways to identify and choose an investment  project in Iran. Download... Read More

Determination of trade policies in the process of economic development and growth has always been a major concern for governments. An integrated and well-targeted trade policy, as a tool for the materialization of development strategy objectives can, therefore, significantly contribute to enhancing the efficiency of government economic performance. Trade policy is a set of measures implemented by government in the area of trade. Comprehending the term trade policy needs the careful definition of... Read More

In face of the complex and modern global economy, countries take up different measures such as planning, policy making along with designing a series of coherent and predictive measures to guarantee the stability of their economy. Economic fluctuations and crises as well as external shocks are among major issues that need to be addressed in terms of their macroeconomic and sectorial impact. This becomes more important for the case of strategic sectors such as industry, mining and trade due to the... Read More

Iran, with an estimated Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of US$ 406.3 billion in 2014, is the second largest economy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region after Saudi Arabia. It also has the second largest population of the region after Egypt, with an estimated 80.8 million people in July 2014. Table 1 includes the share of Iran's GDP value in the world economy as well as the economic growth rates. Download... Read More

Over the past several years, the Iranian economy has experienced several significant adverse shocks. Our research shows that one important lesson has been the need for Iran to strengthen its fiscal framework, so that fiscal policy supports economic stability rather than exacerbating the impact of the shock. Many resource-rich countries have fiscal frameworks with features that could serve Iran well. A common feature is a medium-term framework anchored on the non-oil fiscal deficit. Once a medium-term fiscal framework is in place, Iran could also consider adopting a fiscal rule. ... Read More

The latest MENA Economic Monitor Report - Spring 2016, expects Iran’s growth to rise to 4.2 % and 4.6 % in 2016 and 2017, as a result of the lifting of the sanctions and a more business-oriented environment. ... Read More

This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. ... Read More

This paper uses a global general equilibrium simulation model to quantify the effects of lifting economic sanctions on Iran with and without strategic responses. ... Read More

Iran, with an estimated Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of US$ 406.3 billion in 2014, is the second largest economy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region after Saudi Arabia. It also has the second largest population of the region after Egypt, with an estimated 80.8 million people in July 2014   Download A summary of Recent Changes in Economic, Industrial and Trade Performance in Iran... Read More

ورود سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی به کشور به لحاظ پایداری، بلندمدت بودن، آوردن فناوری جدید، ایجاد سیستم‌های مدیریت و توزیع کارآمدتر و ... مورد استقبال اکثر قریب به اتفاق کشورها است و حتی می‌تواند گفت مسابقه‌ای برای جلب این گونه سرمایه‌گذاری بین کشورهای مختلف در جریان است. در خصوص این قبیل سرمایه‌گذاری‌ها، به خصوص در صنایع صادرات‌گرا و رقابتی، بحث چندانی وجود ندارد. البته اگر این قبیل سرمایه‌گذاری‌ها برای دورزدن موانع تعرفه‌ای کشور و برای تولید محصولاتی در بازار داخلی صورت گرفته باشند، باید قدری در ... Read More

رویدادهای اخیر نشان می‌دهد چین در حال تجربه یک گذار چالش‌برانگیز است: افزایش نیروی کار و سرمایه‌گذاری‌هایی که منجر به 3 دهه رشد شده بود، اینک در حال ضعیف شدن است. این مرحله‌ای طبیعی در توسعه اقتصادی کشور به شمار می‌رود. حال این سوال مطرح است که رشد تولید ناخالص داخلی تا چه میزان کاهش می‌یابد و آیا کشور می‌تواند منابع جدیدی برای رشد پیدا کند. دانلود فایل... Read More

تصميم دولت روسيه مبني بر حذف تعرفه واردات محصولات كشاورزي و دامي براي ايران در ژانويه و فوريه سال جاري(2016)، در كنار تحريم‌هاي اعمال شده بر اين كشور از سوي ايالات متحده امريكا و اتحاديه اروپا بر سر مساله اوكراين، در عين حال اختلافات به وجود آمده در روابط روسيه و تركيه، در مجموع شرايطي را فراهم نمود تا اخيرا روسيه واردات خود از كشورهاي درگير اختلاف را به نحو قابل توجهي محدود كند، لذا موقعيت به وجود آمده مي‌تواند بازار روسيه را به عنوان يك ظرفيت بالقوه براي توليدكنندگان و صادركنندگان ايراني بيش از پيش مورد توجه قرار دهد. ... Read More

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The 4th Korea-Iran Cooperation Forum: New Opportunities and Challenges for Cooperation between Korea and Iran in the Post-Sanctions Era     1. Date - May 29, 2016   2. Venue - Institute for Trade Studies and Research, Tehran, Iran   3. Co-organizers - Korea Institute for International Economic Policy(KIEP), Asan Institute for Policy Studies, Institute for Trade Studies and Research(ITSR)   Download Forum​ program... Read More

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بهمن 1394... Read More

لورم ایپسوم متن ساختگی با تولید سادگی نامفهوم از صنعت چاپ و با استفاده از طراحان گرافیک است. چاپگرها و متون بلکه روزنامه و مجله در ستون و سطرآنچنان که لازم است و برای شرایط فعلی تکنولوژی مورد نیاز و کاربردهای متنوع با هدف بهبود ابزارهای کاربردی می باشد.... Read More